영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

문제 1

Even highly capable individuals can make disastrous collective decisions once they ①absorbing into a tightly knit group, a phenomenon psychologist Irving Janis termed groupthink. Within cohesive committees, boards, and advisory councils, members often prioritize consensus and group harmony over a rigorous evaluation of alternatives, ②silencing doubts rather than risking the discomfort of dissent. Janis identified several warning signs, including an illusion of invulnerability that leads a group ③to underestimate risk, pressure on dissenters to fall in line, and self-appointed mindguards who shield the group from information that might disrupt its confidence. Sociologists extend this analysis beyond small committees, ④noting that entire organizations can develop cultures that reward conformity and punish employees who raise inconvenient questions. Historical inquiries into policy failures and corporate disasters frequently reveal that critical information existed within the organization but never ⑤reached decision makers.

문제 2

Last January, Minji wrote the same resolution she always wrote: study English for an hour every day. By February, she had already ①quit, just as in previous years. Frustrated, she asked her teacher why her willpower always failed, and learned about a concept ②called implementation intentions. Instead of vaguely intending to study more, Minji made a precise plan: if she finished dinner, then she would study for thirty minutes. She also ③prepared a backup plan: if she felt too tired, then she would study for just ten minutes instead of skipping entirely. Because these plans removed the need to decide anything in the moment, starting became ④far more easily for Minji. By December, she had studied for eleven straight months, ⑤proving that clear if-then plans beat vague intentions.

문제 3

Last spring, Mina joined the school environmental club because she wanted ①to make a difference. At first, she felt nervous about speaking in front of the other members. However, the club leader, ②which had been recycling for years, welcomed her warmly. Every Friday, the members walked around the school ③picking up trash near the playground. Mina soon realized that this weekly habit was like ④watering a small plant every day. For example, a single plastic bottle left outside could take hundreds of years to disappear. Therefore, the club decided to place clear recycling bins in every classroom. In contrast to her early doubts, Mina began to feel proud of the changes she noticed. Her classmates started separating cans and paper without ⑤being reminded by teachers. By the end of the semester, Mina had become an active member.

문제 4

As private companies develop the technology to mine asteroids for rare metals and water, a legal question once confined to science fiction has suddenly ①become urgent: who, if anyone, owns the resources of outer space? Existing international treaties state that no nation may claim sovereignty over celestial bodies, but they say remarkably little about ②whether a private company may extract and sell what it finds there. Some governments have already passed domestic laws ③granting their own companies rights to material mined in space, a move that other nations view as a unilateral attempt to settle a question that should ④decide collectively. Supporters of space mining argue that new resources could ease shortages on Earth and fund further exploration, while critics warn that treating space as an open frontier for extraction risks ⑤repeating the same environmental and political mistakes that colonization caused on Earth.

문제 5

For decades, productivity advice has focused almost entirely on ①managing time efficiently, yet many experts now argue this approach overlooks something important. This alternative approach, ②known as energy management, suggests that controlling personal energy matters more than controlling the clock. Unlike time, which flows at a constant rate, human energy naturally rises and falls in cycles ③shaped by sleep, food, and mental fatigue. A person who tackles difficult tasks during a low-energy period, for instance, may need two hours ④to finish what takes thirty minutes at peak energy. Similarly, someone who forces themselves to keep working without rest often ⑤produce careless mistakes that require additional time to correct later.

문제 6

Many people believe that building a new habit requires strong willpower or motivation. However, psychologist BJ Fogg argues that habits form more ①easily when a behavior itself becomes simple to perform. His theory, called the Fogg Behavior Model, states that a behavior happens only when motivation, ability, and a prompt occur together. When motivation is ②low, the model suggests, the task must be made extremely ③difficult, or it will not happen at all. For instance, a person who wants to exercise daily succeeds more often by committing to one push-up than to a long workout. Fogg calls this idea the law of ④least effort, since people naturally choose the option requiring the least energy. A student who wants to read more might leave a book open on the desk rather than setting a vague goal. By lowering the required effort, people reduce the ability barrier and make steady action far more ⑤achievable.

문제 7

Marketers have long recognized that perceived scarcity can dramatically increase a product's desirability, even when the item's intrinsic qualities remain entirely unchanged. A retailer who labels a product as "limited edition" or displays a countdown timer beside a discounted offer prompts customers to make hurried purchase decisions they might otherwise postpone or reconsider. Consumers who later reflect calmly on such purchases frequently discover that the item's actual usefulness fell well short of the ___________ they experienced at the moment of decision.

문제 8

Understanding the perfectionism-procrastination cycle can help students break free from a frustrating pattern of delay. (A) This fear does not mean perfectionists lack motivation; rather, it pushes them to delay the task in order to avoid confronting their own high standards. (B) As a result, many perfectionists end up completing work at the last possible moment, which paradoxically increases the likelihood of the very mistakes they feared. (C) When someone holds unrealistic expectations for a task, the fear of falling short often becomes so intense that starting the task itself feels dangerous.

문제 9

At the time, I had no particular career goal in mind. Two years ago, I began volunteering at an animal shelter near my neighborhood on weekends. ( ① ) My tasks included feeding animals, cleaning cages, and helping visitors choose a pet to adopt. ( ② ) Over time, I noticed how much I enjoyed calming nervous or injured animals. ( ③ ) One rainy afternoon, a frightened puppy refused to eat, and I sat quietly beside it for over an hour until it finally relaxed. ( ④ ) I began researching careers in veterinary medicine and animal behavior, subjects I had never seriously considered before. ( ⑤ ) My volunteer work, which started as a simple hobby, slowly turned into the clearest career direction I had ever found.

문제 10

주어진 문장: This concern reflects a deeper fear about what makes art meaningful in the first place. Artificial intelligence has begun to play a surprising role in creative industries once thought to be uniquely human. ( ① ) Programs can now compose music, generate paintings, and even draft short stories within seconds. ( ② ) Some artists welcome this technology, using AI tools to explore new styles or overcome creative blocks that once took weeks to resolve. ( ③ ) Others, however, argue that AI-generated art lacks the emotional depth that comes from genuine human experience. ( ④ ) Despite this debate, most experts agree that AI is unlikely to fully replace artists anytime soon. ( ⑤ ) Instead, it functions best as a collaborative tool, helping creators experiment faster while leaving final artistic decisions to humans.