영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Open a music streaming app on any given morning, and a personalized playlist is usually already waiting, ①assembled overnight from songs the algorithm predicts will match a listener's current mood. This prediction relies on far more than genre alone; the system studies skip rates, replay counts, and even the time of day a song is typically ②playing, building a remarkably detailed profile of individual taste. Listeners often praise the feature for ③introducing them to artists they never would have searched for on their own, effectively acting as a tireless music scout working around the clock. Musicians, meanwhile, have mixed feelings about this shift in how audiences ④discover new music. A song that the algorithm decides not to promote may struggle ⑤to reach listeners no matter how well it was written.

Psychologist Roy Baumeister proposed a concept ①called ego depletion theory, which suggests that willpower functions like a muscle that gradually tires after repeated use. According to this theory, every act of self-control, from resisting a snack to concentrating on difficult homework, ②draws from the same limited mental resource. As this resource becomes depleted throughout the day, later decisions ③require more effort and are more likely to fail. For instance, someone who exercises discipline avoiding distractions all morning may struggle ④to resist checking a phone by evening. Likewise, dieters report that self-control weakens sharply at night, after hours of resisting food. Some researchers argue that short breaks, adequate sleep, and blood sugar levels can help restore this depleted resource. Although later studies have questioned how strong this effect is, the theory still ⑤offer a useful framework for understanding why willpower seems to fade throughout a long day.

One Saturday morning, Jiho carried a heavy bag of old clothes to the donation box near his apartment. He had grown taller over the winter, so many shirts no longer ①fit him. At first, he almost threw the clothes into the regular trash without thinking twice. However, his older sister reminded him that clean clothes could still ②help someone else. She explained that donating clothes was like ③give a plant a second chance to grow. For example, a jacket he ④had outgrown might keep another child warm this winter. Therefore, Jiho folded each shirt neatly and ⑤placed them gently inside the box. In contrast to his first careless idea, he now felt genuinely happy about his choice. Walking home, Jiho realized that small actions could create meaningful change for others.

Carbon neutrality refers to a state in which the amount of greenhouse gases a country or company releases into the atmosphere ①is balanced by the amount it removes, resulting in zero net emissions. Achieving this goal typically requires several sequential stages rather than a single sudden action. First, organizations attempt to reduce emissions directly ②by replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power. Next, they improve efficiency throughout their operations, ③minimizing the energy wasted during production and transportation. Only after these direct measures have been maximized do most organizations turn to offsetting, ④which involve funding projects like reforestation or carbon capture to compensate for emissions that cannot yet be eliminated. Critics argue, however, that some companies exploit offsetting too early, ⑤using it to avoid making genuine reductions. Therefore, experts insist that a credible roadmap must always prioritize actual emission cuts before relying on compensation.

Last spring, Minji joined a new club at her school ①called the Green Runners. Every Saturday morning, the members ②jogs around the neighborhood park while picking up trash. This activity, ③called plogging, combines jogging with cleaning up litter from the streets. At first, Minji felt embarrassed to pick up garbage in front of other people. However, she soon realized that her small actions were making the park cleaner and healthier. For example, the group collected more than twenty bags of trash during their first month together. Picking up litter while running is like turning an ordinary workout into a meaningful mission. Minji's legs grew tired, but her heart felt proud after every session. Now, she encourages her friends, ④who used to tease her, to join the club as well. Minji believes that small habits, ⑤practiced together, can change a whole community.

Sorting your trash correctly is _______________. When you separate paper, plastic, glass, and cans, recycling centers can process each material more efficiently. For example, plastic bottles should be rinsed and have their caps removed before being thrown away. Paper soaked with food or oil, however, cannot be recycled and must go into general waste. Sorting garbage is similar to organizing a closet, where each type of clothing has its own shelf. If items are mixed together carelessly, finding what you need later becomes difficult. Likewise, mixing recyclables with ordinary trash makes the whole recycling process complicated. Many students believe that sorting trash takes too much time, but it actually requires only a few extra seconds. Therefore, learning these basic rules now helps you build a habit that benefits your entire community.

Daniel's career reflects how much the space industry has changed since he was a child. (A) As a result, he came to believe that opportunities in space exploration were no longer limited to a small number of government scientists. (B) By the time he entered university, private companies had begun launching satellites and building reusable rockets. (C) This shift eventually led him to join a startup developing lunar landing equipment, a job that barely existed when he first imagined his future.

Many students confuse the student council with school clubs. In fact, the two groups serve very different purposes. (A) Therefore, joining the council usually requires an election, whereas joining a club simply requires genuine interest. Some students eventually do both, using the council to build leadership skills and a club to develop a personal passion. (B) The student council is an official body that represents the whole school. It manages shared issues such as rules, events, and communication with teachers. For example, council members often organize the school festival and collect opinions from each class before making decisions. (C) A club, in contrast, is a small group formed around one shared interest, such as music or art. While the council must consider the needs of every student, a club can focus narrowly on what its own members enjoy.

주어진 문장: In contrast, turning off the tap during that time saves a surprising amount of water each day. Water looks endless when it flows from the tap every morning. ① However, clean water is actually a limited resource that we must protect carefully. Many families waste water without even noticing it in their daily routine. For example, leaving the tap running while brushing your teeth can waste several liters of water. ② Taking a shorter shower is another easy habit that reduces water use significantly. ③ Fixing a leaking faucet, which many people ignore, can also save hundreds of liters every month. ④ Saving water is like keeping money in a savings account for the future. Therefore, small changes in our daily habits, practiced by every family, can protect this precious resource. ⑤ Everyone who cares about the environment should start saving water today.

주어진 문장: This gap between image and reality is precisely what makes the practice so misleading. Many companies now advertise themselves as environmentally responsible, yet a growing number of these claims turn out to be misleading. ( ① ) This practice, known as greenwashing, occurs when a business spends more effort marketing its products as eco-friendly than actually reducing environmental harm. ( ② ) A company might launch a recycled-packaging line while continuing to pollute rivers through its main factories, creating a false impression of genuine change. ( ③ ) Such tactics deceive well-intentioned consumers who wish to shop responsibly but lack the tools to verify corporate claims. ( ④ ) In contrast, truly sustainable businesses publish detailed, independently verified data about their emissions and supply chains, allowing outsiders to check their progress. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, shoppers should look beyond vague labels like green or natural and instead search for recognized certifications, transparent reports, and measurable targets. Without such scrutiny, greenwashing will keep flourishing, undermining public trust and slowing the broader shift toward an economy that truly protects the planet.