영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Consider a large heap containing ten thousand grains of sand. Nearly everyone agrees that removing a single grain from such a heap ①leave another heap behind; surely one grain could never make the difference between a heap and a non-heap. Yet if this principle is applied repeatedly, grain by grain, the heap eventually shrinks to a single lonely grain, or even to no grains at all, and logic alone seems to ②force us to accept that this final result still counts as a heap. Something has clearly gone wrong along the way, since no reasonable person would ③call one grain of sand a heap, but pinpointing exactly which single removal transformed a heap into a non-heap seems ④impossible. The puzzle exposes a deep discomfort with vague terms like "heap," "tall," or "bald," concepts that seem to admit no sharp boundary yet are ⑤used confidently in everyday language.

Electric scooters have become a common sight on city sidewalks, ①offering a quick way to cover short distances, yet most riders climb on without ever putting on a helmet. Part of the problem is that renting a scooter takes only a few taps on a phone screen, while finding and carrying a helmet ②requires planning that many riders simply skip. Emergency room doctors note that scooter-related head injuries have risen sharply in recent years, ③closely tracking the rise in scooter popularity itself. Unlike a bicycle, which typically requires balance skills built up over years of practice, an electric scooter can reach a surprising speed within seconds, often faster than new riders ④expecting from something that looks simple to operate. Cities that have begun requiring helmets for scooter rentals ⑤report a measurable drop in serious injuries.

Earthquakes strike without any warning, which is exactly why the seconds immediately after the shaking begins ①matters more than any other moment in an emergency. Safety experts consistently teach the same three steps: drop to the ground, take cover under sturdy furniture, and hold on until the shaking ②stops. Many people instinctively want to run outside during a quake, ③imagining that open space is always safer than a building. Furniture that seems merely inconvenient during a fire drill, such as a heavy desk, becomes a lifesaving shield when the ceiling above begins ④to crack. After the shaking stops, experts warn that the greatest remaining danger is often a damaged structure rather than a second earthquake, so calmly checking for hazards before moving is just as important as ⑤reacting quickly at the first tremor.

Science labs feel far safer than they actually are, largely because the equipment looks harmless and the experiments are carefully ①planned by a teacher. This false sense of security leads some students ②to skip small precautions, such as wearing safety goggles for a "simple" experiment or tasting a substance out of curiosity. Chemical reactions, however, do not distinguish between a professional laboratory and a classroom; a small amount of the wrong substance ③splashed into an eye can cause permanent damage within seconds, regardless of how basic the experiment seemed. Teachers repeatedly emphasize ④to read each instruction before touching any material, since even a familiar-looking chemical can behave unpredictably when combined with something new. Most laboratory accidents, researchers note, do not happen during advanced or unusual experiments but during routine ones that students ⑤have performed many times before.

Physical education class often feels like the one period of the day when students can finally move freely, which sometimes leads them to skip the warm-up routine that teachers ①insist on before any real activity begins. Cold muscles, however, are noticeably less ②flexible than warmed ones, and stretching a stiff hamstring or ankle too quickly can cause a strain that keeps a student off the field for weeks rather than minutes. Beyond warming up, wearing proper footwear matters more than most students realize; running in worn-out sneakers with little grip left on the sole significantly ③raises the chance of a twisted ankle on a gym floor or an outdoor field. Reporting a minor pain immediately, rather than pushing through it to finish a game, also ④causes a small issue from becoming a repeated injury that lingers for an entire ⑤season.

When temperatures drop below freezing overnight, an invisible layer of black ice can form on sidewalks that look perfectly dry, catching even careful walkers off guard. Unlike a visibly icy patch, black ice reflects almost no light and blends into ordinary pavement, which is why _______________. Orthopedic doctors report a sharp rise in wrist and hip injuries every winter, most of them caused not by dramatic slips on icy hills but by a single unexpected step near a bus stop or a doorway.

When a customer opens a company's website at midnight with a billing question, an actual employee is unlikely to be available, which is exactly the gap that customer service chatbots were built to fill. These programs can instantly answer common questions, track packages, and process simple refunds without making anyone wait on hold. Yet the technology has clear boundaries. When a customer's problem is unusual, emotionally charged, or simply does not fit the chatbot's script, _______________. Many companies have responded by designing chatbots to recognize their own limits, automatically transferring a frustrated customer to a human agent.

For my birthday, my older sister took me to a small pottery studio where visitors can shape their own bowl or cup on a spinning wheel. I expected the wheel to do most of the difficult work automatically, since it was already spinning quickly by the time I sat down. My first attempt collapsed into a shapeless lump within seconds, because _______________. The instructor explained that beginners almost always press too hard on one side, which throws the entire piece off balance no matter how fast or slow the wheel spins. After nearly a dozen failed attempts, I finally produced a lopsided but recognizable cup, and the small imperfection along its rim somehow made me prouder of it than a perfectly smooth, machine-made mug ever could have. Clay, I learned that afternoon, rewards patience far more generously than it rewards force.

Even a short glance downward, timed badly, is enough to miss an oncoming bicycle or a changing traffic light. Walking down a crowded street while staring at a phone screen has become such a common sight that it barely draws attention anymore, even though the habit turns a pedestrian into one of the least alert people on the sidewalk. ( ① ) Researchers who study attention describe this as a kind of tunnel vision: a person absorbed in a text message or a video processes only a narrow slice of the surrounding environment, filtering out approaching cars, uneven pavement, and other pedestrians almost entirely. ( ② ) Hospitals have reported a steady rise in injuries linked to distracted walking, ranging from minor scrapes after tripping over a curb to serious collisions with moving vehicles at intersections. ( ③ ) What makes this danger especially difficult to address is that pedestrians rarely recognize the risk in the moment. ( ④ ) Unlike distracted driving, which is widely condemned, glancing at a phone while crossing the street still feels like a harmless habit to most people who do it every day. ( ⑤ )

Not everyone in the neighborhood, however, shared that reaction. Walking through the old industrial district downtown, I noticed that a gray concrete wall had been transformed overnight into a wild swirl of color, letters, and cartoon figures. ( ① ) Some residents complained to the city office, calling it vandalism and demanding that workers paint over it immediately. ( ② ) Others argued that the same wall had been an ugly, forgotten eyesore for years, and that the graffiti artist had simply given it a voice no one else bothered to give it. ( ③ ) This disagreement reveals a tension at the heart of street art: without permission, even a skillful and thoughtful piece can be labeled a crime, yet many cities now invite graffiti artists to paint designated walls legally, hoping to channel that same creative energy into something the whole neighborhood can enjoy. ( ④ ) The line between vandalism and art, it seems, often depends less on the paint itself than on who gave permission to use the wall. ( ⑤ )