영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Change blindness refers to a striking limitation of human perception in which observers fail to notice substantial alterations to a visual scene, provided the change occurs ① during a brief disruption such as an eye movement or a momentary obstruction. In a now-famous demonstration, researchers showed ② participants two versions of a photograph in alternation, separated by a short blank screen, and asked them to identify what had changed. Even when an entire building disappeared or a person's clothing shifted color, many viewers stared at the picture without detecting ③ anything unusual. This phenomenon occurs because visual attention, rather than passively recording every detail like a camera, actively selects only a narrow subset of information for processing at any given moment. Whatever falls outside that narrow spotlight represents ④ only sparsely, if at all, leaving it vulnerable to being overwritten without notice. Consequently, change blindness demonstrates that our impression of a rich, complete visual world is, to a surprising extent, an illusion constructed ⑤ by the mind, not a faithful record of external reality.

As companies collect enormous amounts of personal data to improve their products and target advertisements, serious ethical questions ①have emerged about how that information should be handled. Employees who work with big data now face responsibilities ②that previous generations rarely encountered, since a single careless decision can expose millions of people's private information. Some argue that strict regulations should govern data collection, even if such rules ③slow innovation and increase costs for businesses. Others insist that self-regulation within companies, guided by clear ethical training, can ④protects consumers just as effectively without stifling progress. Universities have begun adding data ethics courses to computer science programs, ⑤recognizing that future employees will need to balance innovation with responsibility.

Limited-edition products are goods that are released in small quantities for a ①short period of time. Many companies use this strategy because scarcity naturally ②decreases how much people desire an item. When consumers believe that a product will disappear soon, they often feel ③pressured to buy it immediately rather than wait. This excitement is ④intensified by social media, where people proudly share photos of items that others could not obtain. As a result, some shoppers later ⑤regret spending money on products they rarely use afterward.

Many students give up on their New Year goals because the goals feel too ①big to handle. A more effective approach is to break a large goal into ②smaller, manageable steps. Once you complete that small step, move on to the next one, and gradually build toward the bigger goal. This method works because small tasks feel ③impossible, and completing them gives a sense of success. That feeling of success encourages you to keep going. Over time, small steps add up to real progress, like bricks eventually forming a ④strong wall. Starting small is often the ⑤smartest way to reach a big dream.

Sociologist Mark Granovetter introduced an idea that seems ①contradictory at first glance, known as the strength of weak ties. According to this theory, people who see each other only ②occasionally, called weak ties, often provide more valuable information than close friends or family members, who are considered strong ties. This happens because strong ties tend to share the same social circles and, therefore, already possess ③similar knowledge. Weak ties, in contrast, move within different networks, which allows them to introduce ideas or opportunities that would otherwise remain unknown. For example, a former classmate rarely contacted might mention a job opening unavailable through one's immediate circle. Social media platforms have made maintaining such connections remarkably ④harder, letting users keep hundreds of loose acquaintances active without frequent face-to-face meetings. Consequently, these platforms function as efficient channels through which weak ties continue delivering ⑤fresh opportunities that close relationships simply cannot offer.

Behavioral economists use the term status quo bias to describe a tendency to prefer the ①present situation over a new alternative, even when the alternative would bring greater benefits. This bias helps explain why many households ②rush to switch to renewable energy, such as installing solar panels on their roofs. Although solar panels can lower electricity bills over time, homeowners often stick with their current power source because it feels ③safe and requires no immediate effort. In contrast, switching demands research, upfront cost, and trust in unfamiliar technology, all of which can seem ④risky compared with doing nothing. For example, a neighborhood association might repeatedly ⑤postpone a vote on shared solar panels, not because the plan is flawed, but because members are reluctant to leave their routine. Therefore, boosting renewable adoption may depend less on proving its advantages and more on designing programs that make the first step feel easy.

Choosing a college major is one of the biggest decisions many students face after high school. Some students assume that their major will completely determine their future career, but this is not always true. A student who majors in history, for example, might later become a successful marketer. What matters more than the major itself is ___________. These abilities can be applied to almost any career.

Not all parts of a city experience the same temperature, even when they are located close to one another. (A) Tall buildings packed closely together also block wind, trapping warm air within narrow streets. In contrast, areas with abundant trees and open water naturally stay cooler, since plants release moisture that helps lower surrounding temperatures. (B) To reduce this effect, many cities have begun installing rooftop gardens and expanding public parks, hoping that additional greenery will absorb less heat than pavement does. (C) On a summer evening, downtown streets often feel noticeably hotter than nearby parks or suburban neighborhoods, even after the sun has set. This phenomenon, known as the urban heat island effect, occurs when cities retain more heat than surrounding rural areas because of their dense concentration of asphalt, concrete, and buildings. Unlike soil or vegetation, which absorb and release heat gradually, these man-made surfaces absorb sunlight during the day and slowly radiate it back at night, preventing temperatures from cooling.

Some changes in habit begin not with a big decision but with a quiet moment that lingers in the mind. (A) That changed when her class was assigned a documentary about plastic waste drifting through the ocean, footage she initially expected to find boring. Instead, watching seabirds mistake plastic fragments for food left her strangely unsettled, and she found herself thinking about the assignment long after class ended. (B) The next morning, almost without deciding to, she slipped her old tumbler into her backpack instead of buying a disposable cup on the way to school. It felt like a small, meaningless gesture at first. However, as weeks passed, she realized that consistently choosing the tumbler, declining a plastic straw, and reusing a shopping bag were quietly adding up. Small choices, she discovered, become meaningful once repeated. (C) Until last spring, Minji rarely thought twice about tossing a paper cup into the trash after finishing her coffee. Environmental issues seemed distant, something scientists and politicians should handle rather than an ordinary student like her.

주어진 문장: This lack of accountability makes silence feel like a reasonable, even harmless, choice. Social psychologists describe a phenomenon called the bystander effect, in which individuals become less likely to help a victim as the number of witnesses increases. ( ① ) Each observer assumes someone else will step in, and this diffusion of responsibility leaves no one willing to act. ( ② ) Cyberbullying magnifies this problem, since a single humiliating post can be witnessed by thousands of people scattered across the internet rather than a few standing nearby. ( ③ ) Anonymity intensifies the effect further, allowing silent observers to scroll past cruel comments without feeling accountable for their inaction. ( ④ ) Some bystanders even worry that intervening publicly might make them the bully's next target, so they choose to remain silent instead. ( ⑤ ) However, silence signals approval to both the bully and the audience watching the exchange unfold. Experts insist that even a single supportive comment can disrupt this harmful pattern. Therefore, witnesses online must resist staying passive and instead speak up.