영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

A ①shrinking number of teenagers are joining book clubs that exist only on their phones. These apps let users track how many pages they read each day, write short reviews, and join group chats about a chosen book. Some students say the apps make reading feel less ②lonely, because they can share their honest reactions the moment they finish a chapter instead of waiting for a weekly meeting. The apps also use gentle reminders and reading streaks to keep members ③motivated, turning a private habit into a small social game. However, a few teachers worry that constant notifications from a reading app can pull attention away from the book itself, since users may spend more time ④chatting about the story than actually reading it. Despite this concern, many students report that the sense of community keeps them reading books they would have quit halfway through if they had been reading completely ⑤alone.

Have you ever noticed your mood shifting after scrolling through a friend's ①gloomy post online? However, researchers have ②discovered that emotional contagion also occurs online, where only text or images are exchanged, without any physical presence at all. For instance, when someone posts a ③negative comment beneath a cheerful photo, the comments that follow often turn noticeably more negative in tone. In contrast, a single ④kind comment can shift an entire thread toward positivity within minutes. Consequently, many experts now argue that being ⑤careless of what we post matters more than we typically assume.

ESG management refers to a company's efforts to consider Environmental, Social, and Governance factors alongside profit when making business decisions. Investors increasingly rely on ESG ratings to judge whether a company is managed ①carelessly and sustainably over the long term. Recently, however, many corporations have learned to boost their ESG scores without ②genuinely transforming their operations. Some firms publish glossy reports filled with impressive statistics while their actual carbon emissions barely decline, exploiting the fact that ESG evaluation systems still lack ③consistent global standards. This gap between appearance and substance has led critics to demand stricter, more ④transparent criteria for measuring corporate responsibility. Genuine ESG management, in contrast, requires measurable targets, independent audits, and long-term accountability rather than one-time donations or attractive slogans. Investors who wish to identify truly responsible companies should therefore examine ⑤detailed disclosures instead of trusting labels alone.

Jian wanted to become a reader for years, but every time he picked up a thick novel, he felt ①overwhelmed and quickly closed it. His cousin, who had read dozens of books that year, told him about something called the two-minute rule. This rule states that a new habit should be shrunk to under two minutes, since a smaller starting point ②strengthens the friction that usually stops people from beginning. Some nights he stopped after that single page, but most nights, once started, he kept reading for twenty or thirty minutes without ③noticing. Because the initial barrier became so small, sitting down no longer felt like a ④burden requiring willpower. Within three months, Jian had finished five books, proving that reducing friction can matter more than ⑤motivation itself.

To compensate for their carbon emissions, many individuals and companies now purchase carbon offsets, financial credits that fund projects such as planting trees or building renewable energy plants. The idea is appealing: paying for an equivalent amount of carbon to be absorbed elsewhere should cancel out the harm caused by activities like flying. However, critics argue that this system often functions as _______________. For example, a newly planted forest may take decades to absorb the promised carbon, and it could later burn down or be cut, erasing any benefit. Moreover, some offset projects would have happened anyway, meaning the credits fund nothing truly additional. Therefore, relying heavily on offsets allows businesses to maintain harmful practices while appearing responsible. Experts insist that offsetting should complement, not replace, direct reductions in fossil fuel use if the strategy is to remain credible.

For most of last year, Junho refreshed his social media feed constantly, terrified of missing a party, a trending meme, or gossip among his friends. This restless anxiety, often called FOMO, or the fear of missing out, left him exhausted and strangely unsatisfied even after hours of scrolling. One weekend, his phone battery died during a hiking trip, and, to his surprise, he actually enjoyed the quiet afternoon without notifications interrupting his thoughts. Curious about this unexpected calm, Junho began deleting social apps for a few hours each day, gradually extending the breaks as weeks passed. Instead of dreading what he might be missing, he started noticing small pleasures, such as finishing a book or having an uninterrupted conversation with his family. This shift in attitude reflects ___________.

When people encounter solid scientific evidence about climate change, we might expect them to accept it without hesitation. However, many individuals still dismiss or downplay such evidence, and psychologists explain this pattern through a concept called motivated reasoning. Motivated reasoning refers to _______________. For example, a person whose livelihood depends on the fossil fuel industry may unconsciously search for reasons to doubt climate data, even while claiming to value scientific accuracy. This happens because accepting uncomfortable facts can threaten a person's sense of self or demand costly lifestyle changes. Therefore, simply presenting more data rarely persuades a committed skeptic. Instead, experts suggest connecting climate information to values the person already holds, such as family safety or economic stability, so that acceptance feels natural rather than threatening.

Minjun used to leave half of his lunch tray full of untouched rice and vegetables every day. (A) However, his teacher explained that leftover food thrown away every day adds up to a huge amount of waste. She compared uneaten food to money dropped carelessly on the street, which nobody bothers to pick up. (B) Last spring, his class started a campaign called "Clean Plate Day" to reduce food waste, but at first, Minjun thought it sounded boring and unnecessary for someone like him. (C) This comparison surprised Minjun because he had never thought about food that way before. He decided to take only what he could finish and to try new vegetables slowly. Within a few weeks, his tray was almost always empty, and he felt proud of the change. Other students noticed his effort and began doing the same thing.

For years, a small riverside village had suffered from flooding that grew worse with each passing summer. (A) In addition, several families whose houses stood in the most vulnerable areas relocated to higher ground, and the village installed an early warning system that sent alerts to residents' phones whenever river levels rose dangerously fast. (B) When a powerful storm struck three years later, the new measures proved effective, and the village suffered only minor damage instead of the devastating losses it had previously faced, becoming a model for neighboring communities. (C) Frustrated residents eventually decided to pursue climate adaptation, adjusting their infrastructure and habits to reduce the damage caused by increasingly unpredictable weather, and engineers began by widening the drainage canals surrounding the village so that excess rainwater could flow away more efficiently.

주어진 문장: She walked into the interview room feeling confident, certain that her past online activity had nothing to do with her qualifications. When Minji was in ninth grade, she posted a joking comment mocking a classmate's photo, never imagining anyone would remember it later. ( ① ) Three years passed, and she nearly forgot the comment existed, buried among hundreds of old posts. ( ② ) Last spring, she applied to join her school's student council, hoping her leadership experience would impress the selection committee. ( ③ ) During the interview, however, one teacher mentioned having seen an old, unkind comment under Minji's name while reviewing applicants' profiles. ( ④ ) Startled, Minji realized that everything she had ever posted online had quietly accumulated into what is called a digital footprint, a lasting trail of personal data left behind by online activity. ( ⑤ ) Although she deleted the comment immediately, the damage to her reputation had already been done. She understood that digital footprints rarely disappear completely, even when the original posts are removed, because screenshots and memories often outlast the content itself.