영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

A smartwatch strapped to a runner's wrist can now do far more than simply count steps; it monitors heart rate variability, running form, and recovery time, then uses that data ① to suggest a training plan tailored to the individual rather than a generic weekly schedule. When the device detects signs of overtraining, such as an unusually high resting heart rate several mornings in a row, it may recommend a lighter workout or an extra rest day before fatigue ② turns into an actual injury. Amateur athletes often credit this kind of guidance with ③ help them train more consistently without pushing their bodies too hard. Sports scientists note an important caveat, however: a wrist-based sensor cannot fully capture the same physiological detail ④ available in a professional lab, so its suggestions should be treated as a helpful guideline rather than an infallible medical judgment, particularly for anyone ⑤ managing a chronic health condition.

Émile Durkheim insisted that sociology could become a genuine science only if it ① identified a distinct subject matter that could not be reduced to individual psychology. He termed this subject matter social facts, ② defining as ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that exist outside any single individual yet exert a coercive influence over that individual's behavior. Language, currency, legal codes, and religious ritual all ③ qualify as social facts, since a person is born into these systems already fully formed and must conform to them regardless of personal preference. Durkheim insisted that social facts should be studied as things, meaning they must be ④ examined empirically through observable patterns such as statistics. His study of suicide rates exemplified this method, showing that rates varied systematically according to variables such as religious affiliation and marital status, patterns that could not ⑤ be explained by individual psychology alone.

As solar and wind power expand rapidly across national grids, engineers face a challenge that ①receive far less public attention than the construction of the generating facilities themselves. Unlike conventional power plants, which can adjust their output to match demand at almost any moment, solar panels and wind turbines generate electricity only when sunlight or wind is available, ②producing supply that fluctuates constantly. One proposed solution involves large-scale battery storage systems, ③which absorb surplus electricity generated during periods of high output and release it later when generation declines. Grid operators must therefore invest in infrastructure capable of ④accommodating this variability, rather than assuming renewable sources can simply replace fossil fuels without adjustment. Without such investment, integrating renewable energy could paradoxically undermine the very reliability that modern electricity grids are ⑤expected to provide.

Instead of typing keywords into a search bar, a growing number of people now simply upload a photo and let an algorithm figure out what it contains. This process, known as reverse image search, compares the visual patterns in a picture against a massive database, identifying everything from a landmark in the background to the exact model of a pair of sneakers. Shoppers use it to find where an item seen on the street can be purchased, while students use it to ① identify plants, insects, or historical artworks in seconds. The system works by breaking an image down into countless small features, such as edges, colors, and shapes, then matching that pattern against millions of stored examples. It is ② flawless, however; a ③ blurry photo, an unusual camera angle, or an object partly hidden behind another can easily ④ confuse the algorithm, leading to search results that have ⑤ nothing to do with the original picture at all.

Students are frequently told that where they study makes little difference, provided that they put in enough hours. Cognitive research on memory retrieval, however, suggests that this advice ①clarifies an important process. According to the encoding specificity principle, information becomes intertwined with the context in which it was originally learned. Cues present during encoding therefore ②facilitate retrieval far more effectively than cues encountered elsewhere. A striking demonstration involved divers who memorized word lists either underwater or on dry land. When tested later, divers recalled substantially more words if the testing environment ③matched the original learning environment. This held true regardless of which environment that happened to be. This finding implies that reviewing material exclusively in a quiet bedroom may not ④adequately prepare a student for the noisy atmosphere of an actual examination hall. Rather than assuming that memorization is a context-free process, students ought to consider ⑤deliberately varying study locations and conditions.

Every day, email providers quietly block billions of ① unwanted messages before they ever reach a user's inbox, a task that would be impossible without an AI filtering system running constantly in the background. The filter ② examines each incoming message for suspicious patterns, including certain keywords, unusual sender addresses, and formatting tricks that scammers commonly rely on to slip past detection. What makes the system effective is that it ③ stops learning after launch, since whenever a user marks a message as spam or rescues a message mistakenly filtered out, that action becomes new training data, sharpening the filter's future decisions. This creates a constant back-and-forth, since spammers study which messages get blocked and then ④ adjust their wording to slip through again. As a result, spam filtering is less like a fixed wall and more like an ⑤ ongoing contest, with each side continuously adapting to outsmart the other.

Medieval philosophers told the story of a hungry donkey placed exactly midway between two identical, equally fragrant piles of hay, with no factor whatsoever tipping the balance toward either option. Because the donkey is assumed to be a perfectly rational creature that always chooses the option supported by the strongest reason, and because neither pile offers any advantage over the other, the donkey supposedly finds itself with no rational basis for choosing one pile rather than the other. Paralyzed by this perfect symmetry, the donkey starves to death precisely because it can find no reason to move in either direction. Critics of the story point out that _______________.

Food poisoning becomes much more common in summer, so it is important to handle food carefully. (A) In addition, keep perishable food in the refrigerator and never leave it out at room temperature for long. (B) First, always wash your hands with soap before you prepare or eat any food. (C) Finally, if you notice symptoms such as stomach pain or vomiting, see a doctor as soon as possible.

Browsing an online store today often means chatting with an AI assistant that asks a few quick questions, such as budget or intended use, before suggesting a short list of products tailored to the answers. (A) Consumer advocates argue that stores should clearly explain what happens to this data, rather than burying the explanation in a lengthy privacy policy that almost no one reads. (B) Some shoppers, however, remain wary of how personal the questions can feel, wondering how much of that conversation is quietly stored and reused to influence future purchases. (C) Retailers report that shoppers who use these chatbots tend to complete purchases more often and return fewer items, since the guided conversation helps buyers choose products that actually fit their needs.

This built-in schedule does not simply respond to the clock on the wall; it is shaped directly by light itself. Every cell in the human body follows an internal timer known as the circadian rhythm, a roughly twenty-four-hour cycle that governs when we feel alert and when we feel drowsy. ( ① ) This clock is regulated primarily by a tiny cluster of neurons in the brain that responds to light entering through the eyes. ( ② ) When morning sunlight strikes the retina, the cluster signals the body to suppress sleep hormones and raise body temperature, preparing us for activity. ( ③ ) As evening approaches and light fades, the same mechanism triggers the release of melatonin, a hormone that promotes drowsiness. ( ④ ) Because this rhythm evolved around the natural cycle of day and night, modern habits such as staying indoors under artificial light or working night shifts can push the internal clock out of sync with the external environment. ( ⑤ ) Such misalignment does not simply cause tiredness; it has also been associated with digestive problems and reduced concentration, suggesting that timing matters as much as total sleep hours.