영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

When people evaluate their personal contribution to water scarcity, they often consider only the water that flows directly from household taps, overlooking a far larger quantity consumed indirectly through the goods they purchase. The water footprint, a concept that extends this ①broad view, measures the total volume of freshwater used to produce the goods and services an individual or a nation consumes. Central to this concept is the notion of virtual water, the water embedded ②invisibly within a product, from irrigating cotton fields to livestock raised for meat. For instance, producing a kilogram of beef can require several thousand liters of water, whereas a kilogram of vegetables typically demands a fraction of that amount. Nations that import water-intensive goods rather than producing them domestically are importing virtual water from regions that may face ③severe shortages. Critics caution, however, that focusing ④exclusively on aggregate volume can mislead policymakers, since a liter of water drawn from a region suffering drought carries far greater consequences than one drawn from a water-⑤abundant area.

The Riverside Summer Festival will take place from August 1st to August 3rd at Riverside Park. This annual event offers a variety of programs for visitors of all ages, and admission is ①free for everyone. During the day, local farmers will sell fresh fruits and handmade crafts at outdoor booths, and in the evening, live music performances will ②entertain the crowd. Visitors are encouraged to bring their own water bottles, since most areas of the park ③allow vehicles freely. Parking near the park is ④limited, so using public transportation is strongly recommended. Organizers hope this festival will bring the community ⑤together for a memorable summer weekend.

Yuna felt ①shocked because she realized her small daily habit was part of a ②larger problem. At first, carrying the tumbler felt ③inconvenient, and she often forgot to bring it to school. Within a month, using the tumbler had become as ④natural as brushing her teeth. Her friends ⑤ignored the change and asked where she had bought the tumbler.

Have you ever noticed your mood shifting after scrolling through a friend's ①gloomy post online? However, researchers have ②discovered that emotional contagion also occurs online, where only text or images are exchanged, without any physical presence at all. For instance, when someone posts a ③negative comment beneath a cheerful photo, the comments that follow often turn noticeably more negative in tone. In contrast, a single ④kind comment can shift an entire thread toward positivity within minutes. Consequently, many experts now argue that being ⑤careless of what we post matters more than we typically assume.

Last Saturday, Jimin visited the recycling center near her apartment with her science class. She had expected the place to be dirty and unpleasant, but _______________. A worker named Mr. Park guided the students through each area, explaining how bottles, cans, and paper were sorted. He showed them a machine that crushed plastic bottles into small pieces before they were sent to factories. Jimin was surprised to learn that mixed trash, thrown into the wrong bin, often ruined an entire batch of recyclables. For example, one greasy pizza box could contaminate a whole pile of clean paper. However, when items were sorted correctly, they could be reused many times, almost like ingredients in a favorite recipe. Walking home, Jimin realized that her small effort at home truly mattered. She decided to sort her family's trash more carefully.

Attention, students and teachers! Our school is starting a new campaign called 'Bring Your Own Bag.' Starting next Monday, the school store will no longer offer free plastic bags to customers. Instead, we encourage everyone to bring a reusable shopping bag from home. Plastic bags, which are made from petroleum, take hundreds of years to break down in the environment. In contrast, a cloth bag can be used again and again for many years. Therefore, using a reusable bag is _______________. For example, students who bring their own bags will receive a small sticker as a reward. However, students who forget their bags may still purchase a paper bag for a small fee. We hope every student will join this easy and meaningful campaign. Thank you for helping our school become greener.

Every plastic product carries a small recycling mark, but few students know what these marks mean. Each symbol _______________. For instance, the number one usually stands for clear plastic bottles, while the number five represents thicker containers like yogurt cups. Reading these marks is similar to reading nutrition labels on snacks, which tell you exactly what is inside. Without checking the label, you might buy something unhealthy by mistake. Likewise, throwing plastic away without checking its mark can send a reusable item straight to a landfill. Some marks even show that a material cannot be recycled at all, so it must be sorted separately. Therefore, taking a few seconds to check the mark before throwing something away makes recycling far more effective for everyone involved.

Looking back at the goals I set last New Year, I can now see how much actually changed over the year. (A) I did not finish all twelve books I had planned to read, but six was still an improvement from the previous year. (B) Saving money turned out to be the hardest part, since unexpected expenses kept appearing throughout the year. (C) In addition, my exercise habit became a pleasant surprise, as jogging twice a week slowly turned into a daily morning routine.

Temporal discounting offers a useful lens for understanding why long-term goals so often lose out to short-term pleasures. (A) Consequently, replacing distant, abstract goals with smaller, immediate milestones can make future rewards feel psychologically closer and more motivating. (B) Research shows that people consistently prefer a smaller reward available today over a considerably larger reward promised weeks later. (C) This preference persists even when the delayed reward is clearly the more rational choice, revealing how strongly immediacy influences decision-making.

From that day on, he looked at his tray with completely different eyes. Minjun used to leave half of his lunch tray full of untouched rice and vegetables every day. ① Last spring, his class started a campaign called "Clean Plate Day" to reduce food waste. At first, Minjun thought the campaign sounded boring and unnecessary for someone like him. ② However, his teacher explained that leftover food thrown away every day adds up to a huge amount of waste. ③ She compared uneaten food to money dropped carelessly on the street, which nobody bothers to pick up. ④ This comparison surprised Minjun because he had never thought about food that way before. ⑤ He decided to take only what he could finish and to try new vegetables slowly. Within a few weeks, his tray was almost always empty, and he felt proud of the change.