영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Physical education class often feels like the one period of the day when students can finally move freely, which sometimes leads them ①to skip the warm-up routine that teachers insist on before any real activity begins. Cold muscles, however, are noticeably ②less flexible than warmed ones, and stretching a stiff hamstring or ankle too quickly can cause a strain that keeps a student off the field for weeks rather than minutes. Coaches often compare an unwarmed muscle to a cold rubber band that ③snap rather than stretches under sudden pressure. Beyond warming up, wearing proper footwear matters more than most students realize; running in worn-out sneakers with little grip left on the sole significantly ④raises the chance of a twisted ankle on a gym floor or an outdoor field. Reporting a minor pain immediately, rather than pushing through it to finish a game, also ⑤prevents a small issue from becoming a repeated injury that lingers for an entire season.

Last New Year's Day, I wrote three goals in my diary: reading more books, exercising regularly, and saving money for a bicycle. Today, exactly one year later, I opened that old page and ①frowned at how much had changed. I did not finish all twelve books I had planned, but I read six, which was still more than the year before. My exercise habit became the biggest ②surprise, since I now run almost every morning without feeling forced. Saving money was ③harder than I expected, since unexpected expenses kept appearing. Still, I saved enough for half of the bicycle, and I felt quite ④proud of that progress. Looking back, I realized that steady effort matters more than reaching every goal exactly as planned, and I stayed ⑤hopeful about what the next year might bring.

When Mina was a freshman, she often spent her allowance within a few days. Her older cousin told her about the marshmallow experiment, a famous study in which children could eat one marshmallow ①immediately or wait for two. Researchers found that children who waited ②longer showed better academic performance and self-control years later. This ability to ③resist an immediate reward in favor of a larger future one is known as delayed gratification. Inspired by the study, Mina began saving half of her allowance each week instead of spending it all on snacks. At first, resisting small purchases felt surprisingly ④easy, especially when her friends were eating out. After three months, however, she had ⑤saved enough to buy a bicycle she had wanted for over a year.

As more businesses move their operations online, cyberattacks have become one of the most ①serious threats facing modern companies. In response, demand for cybersecurity professionals has ②decreased across nearly every industry. These specialists design systems that detect suspicious activity, patch vulnerabilities before criminals can exploit them, and train employees to recognize phishing attempts. Unlike many technical fields, cybersecurity requires constant learning, since hackers continually develop new methods to ③bypass existing defenses. Despite this expansion, experts estimate that millions of cybersecurity positions worldwide remain ④unfilled, largely because the number of qualified applicants has not kept pace with rapidly increasing demand. This shortage suggests that cybersecurity will remain a ⑤promising career path for years to come.

Minji spent nearly every evening watching Jimin, an online creator who streamed cooking videos and chatted casually with her viewers. Over several months, Minji began to feel as though she truly knew Jimin, ①laughing at her jokes and worrying whenever she mentioned having a difficult week. Whenever Jimin responded to a comment, even a simple one, Minji felt a small thrill of connection, as if they were becoming closer friends. One day, Minji ②reluctantly waited outside a fan event, hoping that Jimin would ③recognize her from the countless messages she had sent. However, Jimin greeted her the same way she greeted every other stranger in line, without any hint of personal recognition. Standing there, Minji slowly realized that the bond she had imagined was entirely ④one-sided, existing only in her own mind. This type of connection, known as a parasocial relationship, can feel remarkably ⑤real despite never being mutual.

City governments increasingly market dense networks of surveillance cameras as a safety upgrade. Yet the same infrastructure that catches criminals also creates a permanent record of where ordinary citizens go about their daily lives. Once a camera network exists, its purpose can quietly expand, often without new public debate. Civil liberties groups argue that _______________.

The adoption of behavioral insights into government policy has not proceeded without institutional resistance. (A) Career civil servants accustomed to designing programs around traditional levers, such as financial penalties or public information campaigns, have sometimes questioned whether small changes in wording or presentation could meaningfully influence outcomes that seemed to demand more substantial intervention. (B) Skepticism began to diminish, however, as rigorously controlled trials demonstrated measurable improvements in outcomes ranging from tax compliance to vaccination rates, providing evidence that traditional advocates could not easily dismiss. (C) As a result, many governments now require that new behavioral interventions be tested through randomized trials before wider implementation, a practice that has simultaneously built credibility for the approach and generated a growing body of reliable evidence.

Time perception can also shift according to age, not only according to attention or emotion. (A) This may occur because each year represents a smaller fraction of a person's total life as they grow older. (B) Many older adults report that entire years seem to pass more quickly than they did during childhood. (C) Psychologists studying this phenomenon have proposed that our sense of time speed is partly relative rather than fixed.

Their actual forecasting accuracy, however, has repeatedly proven no better than that of far less experienced participants, and sometimes even worse. Overconfidence among financial professionals presents a puzzling contradiction. ( ① ) Fund managers and analysts typically possess years of specialized training, access to vast quantities of market data, and considerable professional experience. ( ② ) One might reasonably expect such expertise to translate into consistently superior predictions about future market movements. ( ③ ) Longitudinal studies tracking professional forecasts against actual outcomes reveal a persistent gap between confidence and accuracy. ( ④ ) This finding does not imply that expertise is worthless, but it does suggest that expertise can inflate confidence more readily than it improves genuine predictive accuracy. ( ⑤ ) Investors would therefore do well to treat confident predictions, however credentialed their source, with a healthy measure of skepticism.

주어진 문장: In other words, silence breeds even more silence, feeding a self-reinforcing cycle. Communication scholar Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann proposed the spiral of silence theory to explain why certain opinions dominate public discussion while others fade into invisibility. ( ① ) According to this theory, individuals constantly observe their surrounding environment to judge which opinions are widely accepted and which are not. ( ② ) When people sense that their own view belongs to a minority, they often choose to stay silent rather than risk social isolation or criticism. ( ③ ) This silence, however, creates a distorted impression that the minority opinion is even rarer than it actually is, discouraging additional supporters from speaking up. ( ④ ) Over time, this cycle spirals downward, allowing the dominant opinion to appear increasingly unanimous while dissenting voices disappear from visible conversation. ( ⑤ ) Social media platforms can intensify this spiral, since visibility metrics make popular opinions instantly noticeable while unpopular ones remain hidden.