영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Earthquakes strike without any warning, which is exactly why the seconds immediately after the shaking begins ① matters more than any other moment in an emergency. Safety experts consistently teach the same three steps: drop to the ground, take cover under sturdy furniture, and hold on until the shaking ② stops. Many people instinctively want to run outside during a quake, ③ imagining that open space is always safer than a building. Furniture that seems merely inconvenient during a fire drill, such as a heavy desk, becomes a lifesaving shield when the ceiling above begins ④ to crack. After the shaking stops, experts warn that the greatest remaining danger is often a damaged structure rather than a second earthquake, so calmly checking for hazards before moving is just as important as ⑤ reacting quickly at the first tremor.

For many years, comic books and graphic novels were ① seen as a lazy alternative to real reading. Parents and teachers often worried that pictures did the work that words should do, ② leaving young readers with weaker vocabulary and imagination. Recent research, however, tells a more complicated story. Graphic novels actually require readers ③ combining written text with visual clues, inferring emotion from a character's expression or understanding time gaps between panels. This combination can build a different but equally valuable set of reading skills. Teachers who once banned comics from their classrooms are now using them to reach students who ④ struggled with traditional novels, finding that many reluctant readers finish an entire graphic novel and then move on to longer books with new confidence. Rather than replacing traditional reading, graphic novels appear ⑤ to work best as a bridge that leads students toward it.

Walking through the old industrial district downtown, I noticed that a gray concrete wall had been transformed overnight into a wild swirl of color, letters, and cartoon figures. Some residents complained to the city office, calling it ① vandalism and demanding that workers paint over it immediately. Others argued that the same wall had been an ugly, ② forgotten eyesore for years, and that the graffiti artist had simply given it a voice no one else bothered to give it. This disagreement reveals a ③ tension at the heart of street art: without permission, even a skillful and thoughtful piece can be labeled a crime, yet many cities now invite graffiti artists to paint designated walls legally, hoping to ④ channel that same creative energy into something the whole neighborhood can enjoy. The line between vandalism and art, it seems, often depends less on the paint itself than on who ⑤ forbade permission to use the wall.

Our class field trip to the national art museum began with a worksheet that I initially found ① annoying, since it asked us to stand in front of a single painting for a full five minutes before moving on. Five minutes felt unbearably long for one picture, and I nearly skipped ahead to the next room. Forcing myself to stay, however, I began noticing details that a quick glance would have missed entirely: a faint second figure hidden in the shadows, brushstrokes that grew ② rougher toward the edges of the canvas, a color repeated in three unrelated corners. My initial impression of the painting as simply pleasant slowly became something closer to ③ fascination. Our teacher later explained that most museum visitors spend under fifteen seconds per artwork on average, which means they experience galleries as a ④ sharp, detailed collection of individual works. That single afternoon taught me that patience, not expertise, is often the only thing separating a bored visitor from an amazed one.

When an image-generating program produced a strikingly detailed painting in the exact style of a well-known illustrator within seconds, my art club spent an entire meeting arguing about what it actually meant for artists. (A) Others worried that the program had been trained on thousands of real illustrations scraped from the internet without the original artists' permission, meaning the tool's impressive results were quietly built on other people's uncredited labor. (B) Some members felt excited, imagining the software as a helpful tool that could speed up brainstorming or generate quick backgrounds for their comics. (C) A few pointed out that the final image, however skillful it looked, reflected no personal memory, struggle, or intention, only patterns learned from existing pictures, and the debate never reached a clear conclusion.

A struggling artist may judge success not against neighbors but against celebrated painters in art history, a comparison that can inspire ambition or, just as easily, breed persistent dissatisfaction. Individuals rarely evaluate their own lives in isolation; instead, they measure their achievements, possessions, and status against a reference group, a set of people they use as a standard for comparison. ( ① ) This group need not be one to which a person actually belongs. ( ② ) Sociologists distinguish between normative reference groups, which shape a person's values and behavior, and comparative reference groups, which merely provide a benchmark for self-assessment. ( ③ ) Robert Merton showed that soldiers who compared their promotion chances to peers within their own slow-moving unit often felt more satisfied than soldiers in units with faster promotion rates. ( ④ ) This counterintuitive finding demonstrates that satisfaction depends less on objective circumstances than on the group against which those circumstances are measured. ( ⑤ )

Under such chaotic conditions, even a familiar hallway can suddenly feel like unknown territory. Every semester, students groan when the fire alarm rings for another routine drill, filing out of the building as if the exercise were simply a break from class. ( ① ) This casual attitude, however, overlooks why the drill exists in the first place. ( ② ) During an actual fire, thick smoke can fill hallways within minutes, cutting visibility to almost nothing and making it dangerously easy to panic or take a wrong turn. ( ③ ) Repeating the same evacuation route again and again trains the body to move automatically, even when the mind is too frightened to think clearly. ( ④ ) Firefighters note that students who have practiced an escape route calmly walk toward the nearest exit purely out of habit, while those unfamiliar with the building often freeze or hesitate at doorways. ( ⑤ ) A fire drill that feels pointless in the classroom can therefore become the very reason a real evacuation succeeds without injury.

Such shortcuts might seem harmless when nothing goes wrong the first few times. Science labs feel far safer than they actually are, largely because the equipment looks harmless and the experiments are carefully planned by a teacher. ( ① ) This false sense of security leads some students to skip small precautions, such as wearing safety goggles for a "simple" experiment or tasting a substance out of curiosity. ( ② ) Chemical reactions, however, do not distinguish between a professional laboratory and a classroom; a small amount of the wrong substance splashed into an eye can cause permanent damage within seconds, regardless of how basic the experiment seemed. ( ③ ) Teachers repeatedly emphasize reading each instruction before touching any material, since even a familiar-looking chemical can behave unpredictably when combined with something new. ( ④ ) Most laboratory accidents, researchers note, do not happen during advanced or unusual experiments but during routine ones that students have performed many times before. ( ⑤ ) This is precisely because familiarity breeds carelessness rather than caution.

A stairway accident, in short, often takes far less time to happen than it does to prevent. Stairs seem too ordinary to be dangerous, which is why many people treat them carelessly, texting, carrying an armful of books, or skipping two steps at a time. ( ① ) Emergency room records tell a different story: falls on stairways send more people to the hospital each year than almost any other household accident, and many of these falls happen not on unfamiliar staircases but on ones climbed hundreds of times before. ( ② ) Familiarity encourages a kind of autopilot mode, in which a person stops looking at each step and instead relies on memory of where the stairs should be. ( ③ ) This habit fails the moment something unexpected occurs, such as a missing step or a loose railing. ( ④ ) Safety officials recommend a few unglamorous habits: keep one hand free, use the handrail, and turn on the light before stepping onto a dark staircase. ( ⑤ )

This makes it one of the most difficult winter hazards to prepare for in advance. When temperatures drop below freezing overnight, an invisible layer of black ice can form on sidewalks that look perfectly dry, catching even careful walkers off guard. ( ① ) Unlike a visibly icy patch, black ice reflects almost no light and blends into ordinary pavement, which is why so many falls happen on stretches that pedestrians would never suspect. ( ② ) Orthopedic doctors report a sharp rise in wrist and hip injuries every winter, most of them caused not by dramatic slips on icy hills but by a single unexpected step near a bus stop or a doorway. ( ③ ) Walking with shorter, flatter steps and keeping the hands free rather than in pockets can help a person regain balance quickly if a foot suddenly slides. ( ④ ) Choosing shoes with textured rubber soles rather than smooth ones also makes a difference, since even a small increase in grip can prevent a fall before it begins. ( ⑤ ) Treating every winter sidewalk as potentially icy, rather than trusting appearances, remains the simplest way to avoid injury.