영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Many households save far less for retirement than conventional financial advice would recommend, not necessarily because they ①lacks the resources to do so, but because a combination of procrastination, present bias, and the discomfort of forgoing current consumption repeatedly delays the decision to begin saving. Recognizing this gap between intention and action, some economists have proposed a savings program in which employees commit today to ②allocating a portion of their future salary increases toward retirement savings, rather than being asked to reduce their current take-home pay immediately. Because the sacrifice applies only to income not yet received, the commitment ③feels far less painful than an equivalent reduction in present earnings would, making employees considerably more willing to enroll. Once enrolled, the contribution rate automatically rises with each subsequent raise, ④gradually increasing savings without requiring any further deliberate action from participants. Field trials of such programs have reported substantial increases in average savings rates over several years, alongside participant satisfaction that ⑤remains notably high.

The Greenfield Public Library will offer a variety of special programs ①for students during summer vacation. The reading club, ②designed for younger students, encourages children to read at least one book per week. The writing workshop helps older students ③improve their essay skills through fun and creative exercises. In addition, the library will host a special lecture series on careers, ④invited professionals from various fields to speak with students. All programs are free, but registration ⑤is required in advance because space is limited.

The science club at Hanul High School is running a project ①called "Grow Light." It tests how different colors of light affect plant growth. Each week, members place identical bean sprouts under red, blue, and white light and ②record their height. At first, many students expected the white light ③to produce the tallest plants. However, the results showed that plants under red light grew noticeably ④fast than the others. The club's advisor explained this by comparing light to food. Just as people need certain nutrients to grow strong, plants absorb certain colors of light more efficiently than others. To make the data reliable, students repeat each trial three times and calculate the average. They also keep a shared notebook, ⑤recording sunlight, watering time, and temperature.

For decades, memory researchers assumed that repetition alone determined how well information would be retained, an assumption that an influential theory proposed by Craik and Lockhart eventually overturned. According to their framework, what matters most is not how many times a person rehearses material but how deeply that material is processed during encoding. ①Shallow processing, which involves attending merely to superficial features such as the shape of letters or the sound of a word, produces memory traces that fade quickly and remain ②vulnerable to interference. Elaborative processing, by contrast, requires connecting new information to existing knowledge, generating meaningful associations, and analyzing semantic content, thereby producing traces that are considerably more ③fragile. Consequently, a student who merely repeats a definition aloud without considering its implications is less likely to retain it than one who relates the concept to a personal example. This distinction reshaped educational practice, encouraging teachers to design tasks that demand ④comprehension rather than ⑤mechanical repetition, since durable memory depends on the depth, not the frequency, of cognitive engagement.

Our school's volunteer club, Helping Hands, tries to make small acts of kindness feel ①natural. Each month, students visit a nearby nursing home and spend an afternoon talking with elderly residents. For example, they read newspapers aloud or just listen to old stories from the residents. In addition, members ②collect used books and toys from classmates and donate them to a community center downtown. Some students feel ③confident before their first visit, unsure of what to say to strangers. However, most discover that a ④warm smile works better than perfect words. Therefore, the club's real goal is not just finishing hours for a report card. Instead, it teaches members that caring for others grows into a ⑤lasting habit, like watering a plant daily. By the end of the year, many students say the club changed how they see their community.

Many students set a New Year goal to build a new habit, such as reading every night or exercising each morning. However, most people give up within two weeks because the habit still feels difficult. Researchers who studied this process found that ___________. During the first few weeks, your brain still treats the activity as something new, so you must rely on willpower. Around the middle of this period, the behavior becomes easier, and by the end, the action feels natural and comfortable.

Jimin joined the school band club in March, but she had never performed before an audience. The club's first concert was only two weeks away, and everyone felt nervous. During practice, her hands shook whenever the song reached the chorus, and she kept missing the same chord. Instead of laughing at her mistakes, the other members waited patiently and played the section again with her. The drummer, Suho, suggested that she focus on just one part at a time. Slowly, her fingers grew more confident, and the chord that once felt impossible began to feel natural. The club practiced until the melody sounded smooth the night before the concert. When Jimin walked onto the stage, she thought of her friends' patience instead of her fear. The audience clapped warmly, and she realized _______________________.

Understanding the perfectionism-procrastination cycle can help students break free from a frustrating pattern of delay. (A) This fear does not mean perfectionists lack motivation; rather, it pushes them to delay the task in order to avoid confronting their own high standards. (B) As a result, many perfectionists end up completing work at the last possible moment, which paradoxically increases the likelihood of the very mistakes they feared. (C) When someone holds unrealistic expectations for a task, the fear of falling short often becomes so intense that starting the task itself feels dangerous.

Looking back at the goals I set last New Year, I can now see how much actually changed over the year. (A) I did not finish all twelve books I had planned to read, but six was still an improvement from the previous year. (B) Saving money turned out to be the hardest part, since unexpected expenses kept appearing throughout the year. (C) In addition, my exercise habit became a pleasant surprise, as jogging twice a week slowly turned into a daily morning routine.

From that day on, he looked at his tray with completely different eyes. Minjun used to leave half of his lunch tray full of untouched rice and vegetables every day. ① Last spring, his class started a campaign called "Clean Plate Day" to reduce food waste. At first, Minjun thought the campaign sounded boring and unnecessary for someone like him. ② However, his teacher explained that leftover food thrown away every day adds up to a huge amount of waste. ③ She compared uneaten food to money dropped carelessly on the street, which nobody bothers to pick up. ④ This comparison surprised Minjun because he had never thought about food that way before. ⑤ He decided to take only what he could finish and to try new vegetables slowly. Within a few weeks, his tray was almost always empty, and he felt proud of the change.