영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Three-dimensional printing technology is changing how products are designed and manufactured across many industries. Unlike traditional manufacturing, ①which often requires expensive molds and long production times, 3D printers can create complex objects directly from digital files within hours. This flexibility allows companies ②to produce small batches of customized products without the massive costs typically associated with mass production. Hospitals now use 3D printing to create prosthetic limbs ③tailored precisely to individual patients, while automakers use it to build lightweight parts that reduce vehicle weight. Small businesses, too, have benefited enormously, since the technology ④lower the barrier to entry for entrepreneurs. As printing materials improve and machines become faster, the technology is expected ⑤to play an increasingly central role in future manufacturing.

The job market has changed dramatically over the past few decades. Many tasks once done entirely by humans are now shared with machines and computer programs. As a result, some traditional jobs have slowly ①appeared, while entirely new positions have emerged to replace them. Workers who once relied on a single skill for their whole career now often need to learn new tools. A graphic designer today must ②understand digital software that did not exist twenty years ago. Adapting to these changes can feel ③stressful, but experts note that workers who stay flexible and keep learning tend to ④succeed regardless of which industry they choose. The ability to adapt may be more valuable than any single specific ⑤skill.

Self-driving technology is advancing rapidly, and its impact on the transportation industry is becoming increasingly ①visible. Companies are testing autonomous trucks that can travel long distances without human drivers, potentially ②transforming how goods move across countries. Millions of professional drivers worry about losing their jobs as automation ③spreads through the industry. Experts predict that certain driving jobs, particularly long-distance trucking, may shrink significantly within the next two decades. However, new roles are also ④emerging, including remote vehicle operators who monitor fleets of autonomous trucks. Workers who adapt their skills toward supervising and maintaining these systems are likely to find new opportunities rather than face ⑤employment.

Advertisements often rely on subtle psychological techniques that persuade viewers without their conscious awareness. One common method, known as social proof, shows images of many people using or enjoying a product, suggesting that its popularity guarantees quality. Another technique appeals to authority, featuring experts or professionals endorsing a product to make it seem more credible and trustworthy. Emotional appeals are equally common, connecting products with feelings such as happiness, nostalgia, or belonging rather than focusing on practical features. Repetition also plays a significant role, since seeing the same advertisement multiple times increases familiarity, which people often mistake for reliability. Researchers studying consumer behavior have found that ___________, since awareness disrupts the automatic psychological response advertisers depend on.

Automation is transforming labor markets more quickly than economists predicted only a decade ago. Factories once staffed by hundreds of workers now rely on robotic arms that assemble products with remarkable precision, and warehouses use automated systems to sort and deliver packages within a few hours. This shift does not simply eliminate jobs; it also creates roles that never existed before. Technicians who maintain robotic equipment are now in high demand, and engineers who design efficient automated systems are highly valued. Companies that invested early in automation often report ___________, since machines handle repetitive tasks while employees focus on creative problem-solving. This transition, however, also raises concerns about workers whose skills quickly become outdated. Policymakers argue that retraining programs are essential to help displaced workers move into emerging fields.

When Daniel was a child, he dreamed of becoming an astronaut, yet he assumed such careers belonged only to a handful of government scientists. During an internship, he helped design a small satellite intended to monitor crop health from orbit, a project that combined engineering with agricultural science. He realized that ___________. After graduation, Daniel joined a startup developing lunar landing equipment, a job that barely existed when he first imagined his future career.

The growing sophistication of cyberattacks has transformed cybersecurity into one of the most in-demand career fields. (A) Universities have responded to this trend by launching specialized degree programs focused entirely on cybersecurity. (B) As a result, businesses across nearly every industry now compete to hire qualified security professionals. (C) Hackers today target organizations of every size, from small retailers to major financial institutions.

He termed the resulting gap cultural lag, describing the friction that appears when institutions have not yet caught up with new technological realities. Sociologist William Ogburn observed that when a society undergoes technological change, its material culture, meaning tools and inventions, tends to advance faster than its nonmaterial culture, meaning norms, laws, and values. ( ① ) The rise of the automobile, for instance, transformed daily mobility long before traffic laws, insurance systems, and urban planning fully adapted to the risks it introduced. ( ② ) A contemporary example can be found in genetic testing, which now allows individuals to learn detailed information about inherited disease risk well before most legal systems have settled questions about its use. ( ③ ) Cultural lag theory reminds us that technological progress is not automatically matched by social progress. ( ④ ) The resulting gap can produce confusion or exploitation until laws and customs eventually adjust to new material conditions. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: Unlike traditional employees, these workers are typically classified as independent contractors. The gig economy, in which people take on short-term or freelance jobs instead of full-time positions, has grown rapidly over the past decade. Digital platforms now connect customers directly with drivers, designers, writers, and countless other independent workers within minutes. ( ① ) This model offers clear advantages: workers can choose when and how much they work, and businesses can hire help only when they actually need it. ( ② ) For many young people entering the job market, gig work provides valuable flexibility that traditional employment rarely allows. ( ③ ) However, gig workers often lack benefits such as health insurance, paid leave, and retirement savings, which full-time employees typically receive. ( ④ ) Because their income can fluctuate sharply from month to month, many gig workers struggle to plan their finances confidently. ( ⑤ ) As this sector continues to expand, governments face growing pressure to design policies that protect independent workers.

주어진 문장: Still, reading six books was better than the year before, and I felt proud of that small progress. Last New Year's Day, I wrote three goals in my diary: reading more books, exercising regularly, and saving money for a bicycle. ( ① ) Today, exactly one year later, I opened that old page and smiled at how much had changed. ( ② ) I did not finish all twelve books I had planned to read. ( ③ ) My exercise habit became the biggest surprise, since jogging twice a week slowly became an almost daily morning habit. ( ④ ) Saving money was harder than I expected, since unexpected expenses kept appearing. ( ⑤ ) Looking back, I realized that steady effort matters more than reaching every goal exactly as planned.