영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

When engineers design the software ①that controls a self-driving car, they inevitably face a question that philosophers have debated for decades. If a crash becomes unavoidable, should the vehicle protect its own passenger at all costs, or should it be programmed ②minimizing total harm, even if that means steering toward the person inside? Surveys reveal an uncomfortable contradiction: most people say a car should be programmed to save the greater number of lives, yet the same people admit ③they would never buy a vehicle designed to sacrifice its own owner. This gap between the ideal and the personal choice suggests that ethical programming cannot ④be settled by public opinion alone. Manufacturers, regulators, and philosophers must instead agree on transparent rules before autonomous vehicles ⑤are allowed to make such decisions on the road.

Building a career portfolio is a great way ①to track your growth throughout high school. A portfolio is simply a collection of your achievements, activities, and reflections. Start by ②choose a format, such as a folder, a notebook, or a digital file. Next, include items ③that show your interests and skills, such as club activities and volunteer work. For each item, write a short reflection explaining what you learned. A well-organized portfolio not only ④helps you apply for programs or scholarships, but it also ⑤helps you understand your own growth over time.

Philosophers often pair the classic trolley problem with a companion case ①designed to test whether our moral intuitions are actually consistent. Imagine a brilliant surgeon who has five patients, each dying from the failure of a different organ, and one healthy visitor in the waiting room whose organs ②happen to be a perfect match for all five. If the surgeon secretly killed the healthy visitor and transplanted the organs, five lives would ③save at the cost of one, exactly the same arithmetic used to justify diverting a runaway trolley onto a track with a single worker. Yet almost everyone who accepts the trolley diversion ④recoils immediately at the idea of the surgeon cutting up an unwilling patient, even though the numbers are identical in both cases. Philosophers use this contrast to argue that outcomes alone cannot fully explain our moral judgments, something that appears ⑤to matter deeply to most people's sense of right and wrong.

The city government has launched a summer energy-saving campaign ①to reduce electricity use during the hottest months. As air conditioners run constantly, power demand ②rises sharply and can strain the electricity grid. Residents are asked ③setting air conditioners no lower than twenty-six degrees Celsius. Turning off lights and unplugging unused electronics can also make a noticeable ④difference. Families ⑤who reduce their electricity use by more than ten percent will receive a discount.

Many companies today advertise their products as environmentally friendly, yet not all of these claims are accurate. This practice, known as greenwashing, involves exaggerating or fabricating a product's positive impact on the environment. Some brands print vague terms such as "natural" or "eco-conscious" on packaging without providing any evidence to support these labels. Consumers, who are increasingly concerned about climate change, often trust such claims without questioning them closely. As a result, they may pay higher prices for products that are no more sustainable than ordinary alternatives. Genuine environmental efforts, which usually require significant investment and long-term planning, are far more costly than simply changing a label. Therefore, governments should establish clear standards that require companies to ___________.

Every summer, doctors warn about the danger of heatstroke, a serious condition in which ___________. This condition can be life-threatening if it is not treated quickly. To prevent heatstroke, drink plenty of water throughout the day, avoid outdoor activities during the hottest hours, and wear light, loose clothing.

During the sports day relay race, Jun was nervous, and his hands were shaking as he waited for the baton. When his turn came, he grabbed the baton but nearly dropped it while turning the first corner. (A) As he handed the baton smoothly to the next runner, he realized that the team's effort mattered more than his mistake. (B) His teammates, watching from the field, shouted his name and encouraged him to keep running. Even though Jun felt embarrassed, their cheering gave him confidence to focus on the runner ahead of him. (C) After the race, his teammates gathered around him and said that his recovery had kept the team in the competition. Jun understood then that teamwork means supporting each other even after something goes wrong. His class did not win first place, but they celebrated together as if they had.

주어진 문장: Back then, few people could have predicted that such a job would even exist. When Mina graduated from college five years ago, she had never even heard the term "data scientist." ( ① ) She had studied statistics simply because she enjoyed solving puzzles with numbers. ( ② ) Everything changed when a small tech startup, which was building an app to predict traffic patterns, hired her to analyze massive amounts of data. ( ③ ) Mina quickly discovered that she loved turning raw numbers into insights that helped real people make better decisions. ( ④ ) Within two years, demand for professionals like her had exploded, as companies in every industry realized how valuable data could be. ( ⑤ ) Today, Mina leads a team of ten analysts, mentoring young graduates.

Admission is free, but some food and activities require a small fee. The Riverside Summer Festival will take place from August 1st to August 3rd at Riverside Park. ( ① ) This annual event offers a variety of programs for visitors of all ages. ( ② ) During the day, local farmers and small businesses will sell fresh fruits, snacks, and handmade crafts at outdoor booths. ( ③ ) In the evening, live music performances and a fireworks show will light up the night sky. ( ④ ) Children can enjoy water games and face painting near the fountain area. ( ⑤ ) Visitors are encouraged to bring their own water bottles and use public transportation, since parking near the park is limited.

I thought for a moment before answering that designing posters for school events always felt exciting. Yesterday, I visited my school's career counselor because I felt confused about my future. ( ① ) I told her that I enjoyed both science and art, but I could not decide which subject to pursue. ( ② ) She listened carefully and then asked me a simple question: what activities make me lose track of time? ( ③ ) She smiled and said that this kind of clue often reveals a genuine interest, more than any test score can. ( ④ ) She suggested that I try combining my two interests by exploring careers such as scientific illustration or product design. ( ⑤ ) Our short conversation gave me a clearer sense of direction than weeks of worrying alone had.