영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Riding a bicycle is a great way ①to stay active during summer vacation, but safety should always come first. Wearing a helmet is essential, since it ②can prevent serious head injuries in an accident. Riders should always ③follow traffic signals and ride in the same direction as traffic, never against it. Carrying a water bottle is wise, since dehydration ④can cause dizziness and affect your balance. Choose bike paths or quiet streets ⑤whenever possibly, rather than busy roads with heavy traffic.

When individuals face uncertainty about how to behave, they frequently look to the actions of others for guidance. This reliance on collective behavior can be remarkably ①efficient, since it allows individuals to benefit from the accumulated judgment of a crowd without having to gather and evaluate every relevant fact themselves. However, social proof can also lead entire groups astray when the initial signal that triggers imitation is itself ②unreliable or coincidental. A restaurant that happens to attract a long line early in the evening may continue attracting customers throughout the night simply because passersby interpret the queue as evidence of ③inferior quality. Financial markets exhibit an analogous pattern: investors who observe others buying a particular asset often join the buying themselves, reasoning that so many participants cannot all be mistaken, a dynamic that can ④inflate prices well beyond any reasonable estimate of underlying value. Because conformity can substitute for independent judgment so ⑤seamlessly, individuals rarely notice when their own decisions have become mere imitations rather than genuinely deliberated.

Even highly capable individuals can make disastrous collective decisions once they are absorbed into a tightly knit group, a phenomenon psychologist Irving Janis termed groupthink. Within cohesive committees, boards, and advisory councils, members often prioritize consensus and group harmony over a rigorous evaluation of alternatives, ①silencing doubts rather than risking the discomfort of dissent. Janis identified several warning signs, including an illusion of invulnerability that leads a group to ②underestimate risk, pressure on dissenters to fall in line, and self-appointed mindguards who ③shield the group from information that might disrupt its confidence. Sociologists extend this analysis beyond small committees, noting that entire organizations can develop cultures that ④punish conformity and reward employees who raise inconvenient questions. Historical inquiries into policy failures frequently reveal that critical information existed within the organization but never reached decision makers, because no one felt ⑤safe enough to voice it aloud.

Every October, Greenfield High School holds a festival that gives every club a chance to ①shine. This year's festival will take place on October 15th, running from nine in the morning until four in the afternoon. Clubs that want to run a booth must apply to the student council by October 1st, since space in the gym is ②limited. The science club will present simple experiments that are both ③dangerous and exciting to watch. The art club, meanwhile, will display paintings that members have ④created throughout the semester. The cooking club plans to sell snacks prepared by its own members, and all the profits will be donated to a local shelter. Because many visitors are expected, teachers will supervise each booth carefully to keep students safe. Anyone curious about club life is warmly ⑤encouraged to visit and enjoy the festival.

Every day, people throw away piles of ①used paper without thinking about where it goes. However, most of that paper does not have to end up in a landfill. Instead, it can travel to a recycling factory and become brand new paper again. First, workers collect old newspapers, boxes, and notebooks left in recycling bins. These papers are then soaked in water and turned into ②hard, mushy pulp. You can think of this process like breaking a cookie back into flour and water. For example, ink and small pieces of plastic are ③removed from the pulp during this stage. The ④clean pulp is pressed into thin sheets and dried in large machines. Therefore, a wrinkled old newspaper can be ⑤reborn as clean white paper. In contrast to throwing paper away, recycling it saves trees and reduces waste.

This year's Club Festival will be held in the school gym and nearby classrooms next Friday. Visitors should first pick up a program map at the entrance to find each club's booth. Art and photography clubs will show their work in Classroom 201. Dance and music clubs will perform on the gym stage. Performances start every thirty minutes, so guests should arrive five minutes ①early. Because seating is ②unlimited, latecomers may need to stand at the back. Visitors may take photos, but please turn off the camera flash during performances. Food will be sold ③outside the gym, but drinks cannot be brought into the exhibition rooms. If you have questions, staff members wearing yellow vests will be ④glad to help. We hope everyone ⑤enjoys discovering what our clubs have worked on this semester.

The Hopeful Start Workshop will be held on January 10th at the Green Hill Community Center. This event is designed to _______________. The workshop will run from two to four in the afternoon, and participants will learn simple methods for writing goals that are specific and easy to measure. The workshop is open to all middle and high school students, and no experience is required. Registration is free, but seats are limited to thirty people, so early sign-up is recommended.

Exercise does far more than strengthen muscles and the heart; it also produces measurable changes within the brain itself. During sustained physical activity, the body releases a protein called brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which supports the growth of new neurons and strengthens connections between existing ones, particularly in regions associated with memory and learning. Studies comparing physically active students to sedentary peers have repeatedly found that _______________, even when the exercise session ends well before the test begins. Researchers believe that exercise increases blood flow to the brain, delivering oxygen and nutrients more efficiently, while also reducing levels of stress hormones that can interfere with clear thinking.

Parkinson's Law appears frequently in everyday workplaces, often without employees even realizing it. (A) As a result, the meeting naturally stretches to fill the entire hour, even though very little new information is actually discussed. (B) This situation illustrates the law's central claim that the amount of time allotted for a task directly shapes how long the task actually takes. (C) Consider a manager who schedules an hour-long meeting to discuss a minor issue that could realistically be resolved in only a few minutes.

Every spring, the volunteer club at our school introduces new members to its most popular project: the nursing home visit program. (A) For example, one member always brings her ukulele and plays simple songs that the residents remember from their youth. (B) As a result, both the students and the elderly residents look forward to these visits every month. (C) During each visit, members are encouraged to bring a small talent or hobby to share with the residents.