영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Setting a goal such as 'I will study harder' rarely ①leads to meaningful improvement. According to psychologists Edwin Locke and Gary Latham, specific and challenging goals ②produce far better performance than vague or easy ones. This idea, known as goal-setting theory, suggests ③that clear targets direct attention and sustain effort over time. To apply this theory effectively, many educators recommend the SMART framework, which ④require goals to be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. Because the goal includes a clear number and a deadline, progress becomes easy ⑤to track and evaluate.

Factories that once employed hundreds of workers on an assembly line now run with a ① fraction of that staff, as robotic arms handle tasks that used to require human hands. Economists have long debated whether this shift destroys jobs or simply transforms them. Historical evidence offers some ② comfort: previous waves of automation eventually created new categories of work that no one had predicted. However, critics point out that earlier transitions unfolded over generations, giving workers ③ ample time to retrain, whereas today's robots are being deployed at a pace that leaves little room for adjustment. A factory worker displaced this year cannot simply wait for a new industry to emerge decades from now. For this reason, many economists argue that the real ④ challenge is not the robots themselves, but the ⑤ sluggish speed at which society is expected to adapt to them.

For most of last year, Junho refreshed his social media feed constantly, ①terrified of missing a party, a trending meme, or gossip among his friends. This restless anxiety, often called FOMO, or the fear of missing out, left him ②relaxed and strangely unsatisfied even after hours of scrolling. One weekend, his phone battery died during a hiking trip, and, to his surprise, he actually ③enjoyed the quiet afternoon without notifications interrupting his thoughts. Curious about this ④unexpected calm, Junho began deleting social apps for a few hours each day. This shift in attitude reflects what psychologists now call JOMO, a mindset that treats disconnection as ⑤freedom rather than loss.

Placing small, inexpensive items near checkout counters ①tempts shoppers who are already waiting in line with little else to do. Online stores achieve a similar effect through countdown timers that create a ②true sense of urgency, suggesting that a deal will vanish within minutes. Bright colors, cheerful music, and pleasant scents are also carefully chosen to put customers in a ③relaxed mood, making them ④less likely to think critically about their spending. Shoppers who understand these strategies are better equipped to ⑤resist them.

A cotton plant that manufactures its own insecticide sounds like science fiction, yet it has been growing in fields around the world for decades. Scientists achieved this by isolating a gene from a soil bacterium that produces a protein toxic to specific insect pests but harmless to humans, then inserting that gene into the plant's own genome so that every cell manufactures the protective protein. _______________. Supporters point to yield increases and reduced pesticide spraying documented across millions of hectares, while critics worry about weeds and insects evolving resistance to these built-in defenses over time, much as bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics. Regulatory agencies in most countries now require extensive testing before a genetically modified crop reaches the market, evaluating everything from its nutritional content to its potential effects on nearby ecosystems.

Psychologist John Suler proposed a concept called the online disinhibition effect, describing how people behave differently on the internet than they do face to face. Because usernames often hide real identities and screens create physical distance from others, individuals feel freer to express themselves without immediate social consequences. This freedom can be beneficial, allowing shy people to share honest feelings they would normally hesitate to reveal in person. However, the same anonymity frequently produces a darker outcome, encouraging users to post cruel comments they would never say to someone's face. Malicious remarks left under celebrities' photos or news articles illustrate how quickly this behavior can spread once a few users set the tone. Such comments often cause severe emotional harm to the people who receive them. Therefore, users must _______________.

The science club at Hanul High School is running a project called "Grow Light." It tests how different colors of light affect plant growth. Each week, members place identical bean sprouts under red, blue, and white light and record their height. At first, many students expected the white light to produce the tallest plants. However, _______________________. The club's advisor explained this by comparing light to food. Just as people need certain nutrients to grow strong, plants absorb certain colors of light more efficiently than others. To make the data reliable, students repeat each trial three times and calculate the average. They also keep a shared notebook, recording sunlight, watering time, and temperature. Next month, the club plans to present these findings at the school science fair.

Good afternoon, everyone! Our town invites students to join a special tree-planting volunteer day next month. This event aims to restore a small forest damaged by last year's fire near the river. (A) Each participant will plant three young trees, guided by experienced forest rangers throughout the morning. For example, rangers will show volunteers how to dig proper holes without harming the tree roots. (B) Volunteers will meet at the community center at nine in the morning and travel together by bus. Please wear old clothes and shoes that you do not mind getting dirty during the activity. (C) In contrast, planting too shallowly often causes young trees to die within a few months. Therefore, careful instructions must be followed closely by every volunteer. Water and snacks, prepared by the town office, will be provided for free. Students interested in joining should register online before next Wednesday.

주어진 문장: This is why a ten-minute wait for test results can feel far longer than a ten-minute conversation with a close friend. Have you ever felt a boring class lasted forever while an exciting weekend disappeared in an instant? ( ① ) This common experience reflects what psychologists call the distortion of time perception: subjective time can differ from actual clock time. ( ② ) Researchers explain that people who focus intensely on an enjoyable activity process fewer separate moments, so time seems to pass quickly. ( ③ ) In contrast, bored or anxious people pay closer attention to each moment, making time feel as though it is dragging. ( ④ ) When people become deeply engaged in a task, they often lose track of time, unaware of how many minutes have passed. For example, athletes and musicians often say that hours felt like minutes while they were fully absorbed in performance. Meanwhile, students waiting anxiously for exam results describe the same few minutes as unbearably slow. ( ⑤ ) Understanding this distortion helps explain why identical time intervals can feel very different depending on mental state.

주어진 문장: Each presentation should last no longer than two minutes and may include a poster or simple props to explain the goal clearly. Our school will hold the New Year Goal Presentation Day on Friday, January 30th, in the main auditorium. ( ① ) Every student is invited to share one personal goal for this year in front of classmates and teachers. ( ② ) Students who wish to participate must submit a short outline to their homeroom teacher by January 23rd. ( ③ ) The event will begin at two o'clock and will end with light refreshments for everyone who attended. ( ④ ) Prizes will be given for the most creative goal and the most inspiring presentation, chosen by a panel of teachers. ( ⑤ ) We hope this event will encourage students to think seriously about their goals and support one another throughout the new year.