영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Sensors buried in the soil now report moisture levels in real time, drones survey entire fields for signs of disease within minutes, and automated systems adjust irrigation without a farmer ever ① walking the rows. For large operations with the capital ② to invest, these tools have measurably increased yields while reducing water waste, addressing two problems that traditional farming has struggled with for generations. Smaller family farms, however, often cannot afford the upfront cost of this equipment, and some worry that the gap between high-tech and traditional operations will only ③ widen as the technology advances further. There is also a quieter cultural cost that rarely appears in productivity reports: generations of farming knowledge, passed down through direct observation of soil, weather, and crops, risk ④ being replaced by dashboards and automated alerts that few young farmers ⑤ teaching to question.

As companies collect enormous amounts of personal data to improve their products and target advertisements, serious ethical questions have emerged about how that information should be handled. Employees who work with big data now face ①minimal responsibilities that previous generations rarely encountered, since a single careless decision can expose millions of people's private information. Some argue that strict regulations should govern data collection, even if such rules ②slow innovation and increase costs for businesses. Others insist that self-regulation within companies, guided by clear ethical training, can protect consumers just as ③effectively without stifling progress. Most experts agree that professionals handling sensitive data must be trained not only in technical skills but also in ethical ④decision-making. Universities have begun adding data ethics courses, recognizing that future employees will need to ⑤balance innovation with responsibility.

As private companies develop the technology to mine asteroids for rare metals and water, a legal question once confined to science fiction has suddenly become ① urgent: who, if anyone, owns the resources of outer space? Existing international treaties state that no nation may claim sovereignty over celestial bodies, but they say remarkably ② little about whether a private company may extract and sell what it finds there. Some governments have already passed domestic laws granting their own companies rights to material mined in space, a move that other nations view as a ③ collective attempt to settle a question that should be decided collectively. Supporters of space mining argue that new resources could ④ ease shortages on Earth and fund further exploration, while critics ⑤ warn that treating space as an open frontier for extraction risks repeating the same mistakes that colonization caused on Earth.

Generative AI systems learn to write, draw, and compose by studying ① enormous collections of existing human work, much of which was created without the artists' knowledge or consent. Supporters of the technology argue that this process resembles how a human student learns by studying the masters, ② absorbing style and technique rather than copying specific pieces. Critics respond that the comparison ③ holds up perfectly at scale, since a single AI model can absorb millions of works in days. Courts around the world are now being asked to decide whether training an algorithm on copyrighted material counts as fair use or as ④ infringement. Until clearer rules emerge, artists, developers, and publishers remain locked in a legal ⑤ gray zone that satisfies almost no one.

Many teenagers check their social media accounts dozens of times a day, worried that they might miss something important happening among their friends. This anxiety, known as FOMO, or the fear of missing out, arises when people believe that others are enjoying experiences from which they themselves are excluded. For example, a student scrolling through photos of a party she was not invited to may suddenly feel a wave of loneliness and regret, even though the event has already ended. Constantly refreshing feeds to avoid missing such updates, however, makes it difficult to concentrate on schoolwork or conversations happening in the present moment. Moreover, this endless comparison with curated highlights of other people's lives tends to deepen feelings of anxiety rather than relieve them. Therefore, students should learn to ___________.

Starting a business as a teenager comes with both benefits and difficulties. (A) On the other hand, many young entrepreneurs lack enough money or experience to grow their business quickly. (B) Because of this balance, more schools are now offering entrepreneurship clubs to support young business owners. (C) On the positive side, running even a small business teaches skills like budgeting and marketing.

주어진 문장: Because this competition can occur in either temporal direction, learners cannot avoid it simply by focusing on new material, which is precisely why deliberately spacing out study sessions matters so much. Memory researchers have long recognized that learning is not simply a matter of accumulating information without cost. Newly acquired material can collide with what the mind already holds, producing measurable disruptions in recall. ( ① ) When earlier knowledge interferes with the retrieval of information learned afterward, psychologists call this proactive interference. This phenomenon explains why someone who memorized an old phone number for years may struggle to recall a new one. ( ② ) Conversely, when material learned later undermines the recollection of something acquired earlier, the process is labeled retroactive interference. This second mechanism explains why switching to a new keyboard layout can temporarily impair typing on a familiar one. ( ③ ) Both processes suggest that memories compete for the same limited retrieval pathways rather than resting in isolated compartments. ( ④ ) This insight carries real implications for how students approach studying multiple similar subjects. ( ⑤ ) Instead of cramming closely related material back to back, spacing out review sessions can reduce competition between overlapping traces. Varying study contexts further helps preserve accuracy for both old and new information alike.

I thought for a moment before answering that designing posters for school events always felt exciting. Yesterday, I visited my school's career counselor because I felt confused about my future. ( ① ) I told her that I enjoyed both science and art, but I could not decide which subject to pursue. ( ② ) She listened carefully and then asked me a simple question: what activities make me lose track of time? ( ③ ) She smiled and said that this kind of clue often reveals a genuine interest, more than any test score can. ( ④ ) She suggested that I try combining my two interests by exploring careers such as scientific illustration or product design. ( ⑤ ) Our short conversation gave me a clearer sense of direction than weeks of worrying alone had.

주어진 문장: This unexpected combination of skills fascinated him more than he had expected. When Daniel was a child, he dreamed of becoming an astronaut, yet he assumed such careers belonged only to a handful of government scientists. ( ① ) By the time he entered university, however, the space industry had changed dramatically, as private companies began launching satellites and building reusable rockets. ( ② ) Daniel studied aerospace engineering, drawn to the idea that space exploration was no longer limited to a few national agencies. ( ③ ) During an internship, he helped design a small satellite intended to monitor crop health from orbit, a project that combined engineering with agricultural science. ( ④ ) He realized that the space industry now needed not only pilots and engineers but also data analysts, technicians, and even lawyers familiar with international space regulations. ( ⑤ ) After graduation, Daniel joined a startup developing lunar landing equipment, a job that barely existed when he first imagined his future career.

These lessons about collaboration stayed with me long after I left the club each day. When I joined the school broadcasting club two years ago, I only wanted to spend time with friends who shared my interests. ( ① ) Gradually, however, the club became something much more meaningful. ( ② ) I learned how to write short scripts, operate basic cameras, and edit simple video clips for school events. ( ③ ) Our club also produced a short documentary about a local market. ( ④ ) Working with teammates who had different strengths, such as editing or interviewing, showed me that good media projects rarely depend on one person alone. ( ⑤ ) Through these experiences, I slowly realized that I wanted to study media production in college.