영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Elite athletes often perform in front of enormous crowds with championships, contracts, and years of training riding on a single moment, and the psychological weight of that pressure can ① undermine skills that feel automatic in practice. Sports psychologists explain that intense anxiety narrows attention and disrupts the smooth, unconscious execution of well-learned movements, a phenomenon sometimes ② called choking under pressure. Rather than trying to eliminate nervousness entirely, which research suggests ③ are nearly impossible, many trainers now teach athletes ④ to reinterpret the physical symptoms of anxiety, such as a racing heart, as signs of readiness rather than danger. Over time, repeated exposure to high-pressure situations in practice, deliberately ⑤ simulated to resemble real competition, allows athletes to build tolerance the same way their muscles adapt to physical training.

As a result, the ads that appear on a person's screen often feel remarkably ①specific, sometimes referencing items browsed only minutes earlier. Supporters argue that this level of precision benefits consumers by ②reducing exposure to irrelevant advertisements and highlighting products they genuinely need. Some researchers have found that people who see highly personalized advertisements make impulsive purchases ③less frequently than those who see generic ones. Because these algorithms operate largely without public oversight, few consumers fully understand how their personal data shapes what they eventually buy. Greater ④transparency, many experts argue, would allow consumers to make more ⑤informed decisions about their own online behavior.

Have you ever thrown away an old pair of jeans simply because they no longer fit? Instead of discarding them, many people now turn old items into something new and useful. This creative process, called upcycling, transforms unwanted objects into products with greater value than before. For example, a worn pair of jeans can be cut and sewn into a sturdy bag or a small pouch. Old wooden pallets, once used for shipping, are often rebuilt into simple furniture such as tables and shelves. However, upcycling differs from ordinary recycling, which usually breaks materials down before making something new. In upcycling, the original material keeps most of its form while gaining a fresh purpose. Therefore, choosing to upcycle rather than throw items away can reduce waste significantly. _______________.

주어진 문장: Without such improvements, even the most generous rewards program cannot compensate for a disappointing product. Building brand loyalty has traditionally been considered one of the most valuable goals in marketing, since loyal customers tend to spend more and recommend products to others. ( ① ) Companies invest significant resources in loyalty programs, offering points, discounts, and exclusive access to encourage repeat purchases. ( ② ) However, some critics argue that these programs manipulate consumers into staying with a brand out of habit rather than genuine satisfaction. ( ③ ) Genuine loyalty, they contend, should be earned through consistent quality and honest treatment of customers. ( ④ ) Furthermore, excessive focus on retaining existing customers can cause companies to neglect innovation, since they assume loyal buyers will continue purchasing regardless of improvements. ( ⑤ ) As markets become more competitive, relying solely on loyalty programs without addressing underlying product quality may ultimately backfire.

주어진 문장: This legal gray area affects a rapidly growing portion of the global workforce. As millions of people now earn income through delivery apps and ride-hailing platforms, questions about their legal status have become increasingly urgent. ( ① ) Most platform workers are classified as independent contractors rather than employees, which means they lack access to minimum wage guarantees, paid sick leave, or unemployment insurance. ( ② ) Companies favor this arrangement because it allows them to avoid the costs associated with hiring full employees. ( ③ ) Worker advocates, however, argue that many platform workers depend on these jobs as their primary source of income, much like traditional employees do. ( ④ ) Several countries have recently begun reconsidering their labor laws, proposing new categories that would grant platform workers some employee-like protections. ( ⑤ ) Supporters of these reforms believe fair treatment and flexibility can coexist within the same system.

주어진 문장: In contrast, turning off the tap during that time saves a surprising amount of water each day. Water looks endless when it flows from the tap every morning. ① However, clean water is actually a limited resource that we must protect carefully. Many families waste water without even noticing it in their daily routine. For example, leaving the tap running while brushing your teeth can waste several liters of water. ② Taking a shorter shower is another easy habit that reduces water use significantly. ③ Fixing a leaking faucet, which many people ignore, can also save hundreds of liters every month. ④ Saving water is like keeping money in a savings account for the future. Therefore, small changes in our daily habits, practiced by every family, can protect this precious resource. ⑤ Everyone who cares about the environment should start saving water today.

주어진 문장: Recognizing this complexity is the first step toward more responsible journalism. The framing effect describes how people respond differently to the same information depending on how it is presented, even when the underlying facts remain unchanged. ( ① ) When news outlets describe climate change primarily as a looming crisis, filled with images of disasters and warnings of irreversible damage, audiences often react with fear or, paradoxically, with hopeless resignation. ( ② ) In contrast, when the same issue is framed as an opportunity, emphasizing innovative technologies and emerging green jobs, readers tend to feel more motivated to act and support policy change. ( ③ ) Neither framing alone tells the complete story, since climate change genuinely involves both serious risks and promising solutions. ( ④ ) Therefore, journalists who rely too heavily on either extreme risk distorting public understanding and discouraging meaningful engagement. ( ⑤ ) A balanced approach, which honestly presents dangers while highlighting realistic paths forward, is far more likely to sustain long-term public attention and inspire lasting action.

주어진 문장: This is why many people find it especially difficult to maintain healthy eating habits after a long, stressful day at work. Psychologist Roy Baumeister proposed a concept called ego depletion theory, which suggests that willpower functions like a muscle that gradually tires after repeated use. ( ① ) According to this theory, every act of self-control, from resisting a snack to concentrating on difficult homework, draws from the same limited mental resource. ( ② ) As this resource becomes depleted throughout the day, later decisions require more effort and are more likely to fail. ( ③ ) For instance, someone who exercises discipline avoiding distractions all morning may struggle to resist checking a phone by evening. Likewise, dieters report that self-control weakens sharply at night, after hours of resisting food. ( ④ ) Some researchers argue that short breaks, adequate sleep, and blood sugar levels can help restore this depleted resource. ( ⑤ ) Although later studies have questioned how strong this effect is, the theory still offers a useful framework for understanding why willpower seems to fade throughout a long day.

주어진 문장: These habits include the way we use light, water, and electronic devices every day. Every day, we leave behind marks of the gases that warm our planet, much like footprints left in wet sand. ① These marks, often called our carbon footprint, come from small choices such as driving, eating, and using electricity. ② Many students think that only large factories create these marks, but ordinary habits at home also matter greatly. ③ For example, turning off lights when leaving a room reduces the energy that power plants must produce. ④ Walking or biking to school instead of riding in a car also lowers the amount of gas released into the air. In contrast, leaving devices plugged in all night quietly increases our footprint without our notice. ⑤ Therefore, students who practice these simple habits regularly can shrink their footprint significantly. Small daily choices, repeated over time, become powerful tools for protecting the environment we all share.

This kind of shift can already be seen in industries such as manufacturing and retail. The job market has changed dramatically over the past few decades, and it continues to shift every year. ( ① ) Many tasks once done entirely by humans are now shared with machines and computer programs. ( ② ) As a result, some traditional jobs have slowly disappeared, while entirely new positions have emerged to replace them. ( ③ ) For example, a graphic designer today must understand complex digital software to stay competitive in the field. ( ④ ) Adapting to these changes can feel stressful, but experts note that workers who stay flexible and keep learning tend to succeed. ( ⑤ ) In this rapidly changing world, the ability to adapt may be more valuable than any single specific skill.