영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Behavioral economists have long observed that people tend to feel the pain of losing something more intensely than the pleasure of gaining an equivalent amount, a tendency ①known as loss aversion. This asymmetry, which ②was first documented through a series of carefully designed experiments, suggests that the psychological weight of a loss can be roughly twice that of a comparable gain. Consider an investor who refuses to sell a declining stock, ③clings to the hope that its price will eventually recover, even when all available evidence indicates that selling and reinvesting elsewhere would be more rational. Such behavior, though it ④appears irrational from a purely economic standpoint, becomes understandable once we recognize that the investor is trying to avoid the sharp discomfort associated with realizing a loss. Similarly, consumers often demand a much higher price to give up an item they already own than they would be ⑤willing to pay to acquire the same item in the first place.

Drinking enough water ①are especially important during the hot summer months. When you sweat a lot, your body loses not only water but also important minerals ②called electrolytes. If you do not replace these losses, you may feel tired, dizzy, or ③even suffer from muscle cramps. It is best ④to avoid sugary drinks and too much caffeine, since they can make dehydration worse. Eating water-rich fruits and vegetables ⑤can also help you stay hydrated.

Retailers use a variety of techniques ①designed to encourage customers to make unplanned purchases. Online stores achieve a similar effect through countdown timers that ②create a false sense of urgency. Bright colors, cheerful music, and pleasant scents are also carefully chosen to put customers in a relaxed mood, ③making them less likely to think critically about their spending. Critics argue that these tactics ④exploits human psychology rather than genuinely informing consumers about a product's value. Shoppers who understand these strategies are better equipped ⑤to resist them.

Over the past two decades, insights drawn from behavioral economics have moved beyond academic journals and into the machinery of government itself, reshaping how numerous public programs are designed and implemented. Tax authorities in several countries, for example, discovered that simply informing citizens how many of their neighbors had already paid overdue taxes on time substantially ①increased subsequent compliance rates, outperforming letters that merely threatened legal penalties for continued nonpayment. Public health agencies have applied similar principles to encourage preventive care, finding that appointment reminders phrased to emphasize the personal cost of a missed visit proved more ②ineffective than neutral reminders listing only the date and time. Employment offices redesigned job-seeking assistance programs around specific, actionable steps rather than general encouragement, discovering that participants who were asked to write down a concrete plan for the following week were considerably more likely to follow through than those who received only ③general advice. What unites these disparate interventions is a shared recognition that small, carefully tested adjustments to how choices are presented can produce measurable improvements in outcomes, often at a fraction of the cost required by traditional programs involving substantial financial incentives or extensive ④enforcement. This accumulated evidence has encouraged many governments to establish dedicated units tasked with applying behavioral insights ⑤systematically to policy problems across an increasingly broad range of domains.

The term green premium describes the ①<u>reduced</u> cost that consumers must pay when they choose an environmentally friendly product or energy source over a conventional, cheaper alternative. For example, an electric vehicle or solar-powered appliance often carries a higher price tag than its gasoline-powered or coal-based counterpart, even though it produces fewer emissions over time. This price gap frequently ②<u>discourages</u> shoppers who support sustainability in principle but cannot justify the additional expense within a limited household budget. In contrast, wealthier consumers can ③<u>absorb</u> the premium more easily, which creates unequal participation in green markets. To ④<u>narrow</u> this gap, governments have introduced subsidies and tax credits that lower upfront costs, while companies invest in research to make clean technologies cheaper to manufacture. As production scales up and innovation continues, many economists expect the green premium to ⑤<u>shrink</u> steadily, eventually making sustainable choices the more affordable option for most consumers.

The Hillside Community Center is looking for student volunteers to help with its summer programs. ___________. This opportunity is open to all middle and high school students who can commit at least four hours per week during July and August, and no prior experience is necessary since training will be provided.

Strong summer sunlight can seriously damage your skin if you are not careful, because ___________. To protect your skin, apply sunscreen with a high SPF before going outside, and reapply it every two hours. Wearing a hat and sunglasses also helps shield your face and eyes from direct sunlight.

People often recognize, in calm reflection, that their future selves will be tempted to abandon a goal they currently value. Rather than relying solely on willpower at the critical moment, they may choose to restrict their own future options in advance, a strategy known as precommitment. (A) What unites these examples is a simple insight: because future desires cannot always be trusted, the wisest moment to act may be now, while judgment remains clear and temptation has not yet taken hold. (B) By making certain choices costly, inconvenient, or impossible to reverse, individuals can protect a long-term goal from a short-term impulse that has not yet arisen. (C) A person hoping to save money might lock funds into an account that penalizes early withdrawal, removing the very temptation that would otherwise be difficult to resist. Similarly, someone determined to finish a project might publicly announce a deadline, transforming private intentions into a commitment that carries social consequences if broken.

For example, children and elderly people are especially vulnerable because their bodies cool down less efficiently. Every summer, doctors warn about the danger of heatstroke during long heatwaves, and this condition does not affect everyone equally. ( ① ) Heatstroke happens when the body's temperature rises too high and cannot cool itself down. ( ② ) This condition can be life-threatening if it is not treated quickly. ( ③ ) To prevent heatstroke, drink plenty of water and avoid outdoor activities during the hottest hours of the day. ( ④ ) Wearing light clothing also helps your body stay cool. ( ⑤ ) If symptoms appear, move to a shaded or air-conditioned place immediately.

주어진 문장: This step matters because greasy or wet waste attracts insects during collection. Dear residents, we are writing to explain how to separate food waste correctly in our building. Many people still throw food waste into the general trash, which causes bad smells. ① Therefore, this notice describes the exact steps you should follow every day. First, please use the special yellow bin near the parking lot for all food scraps. ② Fruit peels, vegetable ends, and leftover rice belong in this bin, not in a plastic bag. However, hard items such as eggshells and bones must go into the general trash instead. ③ In addition, please drain excess liquid from your food waste before throwing it away. ④ This simple habit, which only takes a few seconds, keeps the area clean and dry. For example, tea bags should never be placed in the food waste bin. ⑤ Thank you for helping our neighborhood stay pleasant.