영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Self-driving technology is advancing rapidly, and its impact on the transportation industry ①is becoming increasingly visible. Companies are testing autonomous trucks ②that can travel long distances without human drivers, potentially transforming how goods move across countries. Millions of professional drivers worry about ③lose their jobs as automation spreads through the industry. Experts predict that certain driving jobs, particularly long-distance trucking, may ④shrink significantly within the next two decades. New roles are also emerging, including remote vehicle operators who monitor fleets of autonomous trucks and technicians ⑤who maintain the complex sensors these vehicles depend on.

Many companies today advertise their products as environmentally friendly, yet not all of these claims are accurate. This practice, ①knowing as greenwashing, involves exaggerating or fabricating a product's positive impact on the environment. Consumers, ②who are increasingly concerned about climate change, often trust such claims without questioning them closely. As a result, they may pay higher prices for products ③that are no more sustainable than ordinary alternatives. Genuine environmental efforts, which usually ④require significant investment and long-term planning, are far more costly than simply changing a label. Therefore, governments should establish clear standards ⑤that require companies to prove their environmental claims with verifiable data.

Artificial intelligence has begun to play a surprising role in creative industries ①once thought to be uniquely human. Programs can now compose music, generate paintings, and ②draft short stories within seconds. Some artists welcome this technology, ③used AI tools to explore new styles or overcome creative blocks that once took weeks to resolve. Others, however, argue that AI-generated art lacks the emotional depth ④that comes from genuine human experience. Therefore, artists who learn to work alongside AI, rather than compete against it, may find themselves ⑤with a distinct advantage.

Summer brings a wide variety of delicious fruits, but many of them ①spoil quickly in the heat. Fruits such as watermelon and melon should be kept in the refrigerator once they ②are cut, since exposure to warm air speeds up spoiling. Berries are especially delicate and should not ③washing until just before eating, because moisture encourages mold to grow. Bananas turn black quickly in cold air, so they are best ④kept on the counter. Wrapping cut fruit tightly in plastic wrap also helps keep it ⑤fresh longer.

As more businesses move their operations online, cyberattacks ①have become one of the most serious threats facing modern companies. Hackers now target everything from small retail websites to massive financial institutions, ②stealing sensitive data or demanding ransom payments. These specialists design systems ③that detect suspicious activity, patch vulnerabilities before criminals can exploit them, and train employees to recognize phishing attempts. Unlike many technical fields, cybersecurity requires constant learning, ④since hackers continually develop new methods to bypass existing defenses. Universities have responded by creating specialized degree programs, while many companies now ⑤offers scholarships to attract students into this growing field.

Companies argue that this approach benefits consumers by showing advertisements that are more ①relevant to their actual interests rather than random, generic promotions. However, many critics contend that this level of tracking raises serious concerns about privacy, since users rarely understand how ②extensively their behavior is being monitored. Furthermore, personalized advertising can trap users in a narrow bubble, ③limiting their exposure to alternatives. Supporters counter that consumers who dislike targeted ads can simply adjust their privacy settings, though ④few people actually take the time to do so. Given these competing concerns, policymakers must strike a ⑤careless balance between allowing innovation and protecting individual privacy rights.

Science labs feel far safer than they actually are, largely because the equipment looks harmless and the experiments are carefully planned by a teacher. This false sense of security leads some students to skip small precautions, such as wearing safety goggles for a "simple" experiment. Chemical reactions, however, do not distinguish between a professional laboratory and a classroom; _______________. Teachers repeatedly emphasize reading each instruction before touching any material, since even a familiar-looking chemical can behave unpredictably when combined with something new.

When engineers design the software that controls a self-driving car, they face a question philosophers have debated for decades: should a crashing vehicle protect its own passenger, or minimize total harm even at the passenger's expense? Surveys reveal an uncomfortable contradiction: most people say a car should be programmed to save the greater number of lives, yet the same people admit they would never buy a vehicle designed to sacrifice its own owner. This suggests that _______________. Manufacturers, regulators, and philosophers must instead agree on transparent rules before autonomous vehicles are allowed to make such decisions.

Many economists have studied how automation affects different sectors of the economy, and their research reveals a consistent pattern. (A) For example, manufacturing plants that adopted robotics saw production speed double within five years, while the number of routine assembly jobs fell sharply. (B) As a result, workers today are encouraged to develop skills that complement machines rather than compete with them, such as creativity and critical thinking. (C) At first, automation mainly affected repetitive manual tasks in manufacturing, but it has since spread into administrative and even creative fields.

주어진 문장: At first, this seemed like a small, sentimental gesture with little business value. Years ago, a small shoe company struggled to compete with larger, well-funded rivals in the market. ( ① ) Its products were solid, but customers rarely remembered the brand after a single purchase. One day, the founder decided to share the story behind the company: how her grandfather had once repaired shoes for factory workers who could not afford new pairs. She began printing this story on every shoebox and posting it across social media. ( ② ) Surprisingly, customers started responding not just to the shoes themselves but to the values the story represented. ( ③ ) Sales slowly increased as people felt they were supporting something meaningful rather than simply buying a product. ( ④ ) Other companies noticed this shift and began crafting their own narratives, hoping to create similar emotional connections. ( ⑤ ) Eventually, the founder realized that a compelling story, told honestly, could turn ordinary customers into loyal supporters.