영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

A small riverside village had endured severe flooding almost every summer, ①<u>watching</u> helplessly as rising water damaged homes and destroyed crops year after year. Frustrated residents eventually decided to pursue climate adaptation, ②<u>adjusted</u> their infrastructure and habits to reduce the damage caused by increasingly unpredictable weather. Engineers widened the drainage canals surrounding the village, ③<u>allowing</u> excess rainwater to flow away more efficiently instead of pooling in low-lying streets. Meanwhile, several families ④<u>whose houses stood</u> in the most vulnerable areas relocated to higher ground, even though leaving their long-time homes was emotionally difficult. The village also installed an early warning system that sent alerts to residents' phones whenever river levels rose dangerously fast. When a powerful storm struck three years later, the new measures proved effective, and the village suffered only minor damage instead of the devastating losses it had previously faced. ⑤<u>Their resilience became</u> a model for neighboring communities.

Our school's book club, Page Turners, meets every Wednesday to discuss a book the members ①chose. At the start of each month, students suggest titles and vote to pick one. This way, everyone feels some ownership over what the club reads next. Before each meeting, members read several chapters and ②prepare a few questions. During the meeting, the leader opens discussion by ③asking a question about the story's main idea. Then members take turns ④sharing their opinions, even when they disagree with each other. For example, students once argued for a long time about a character's difficult choice. Such debates, though sometimes loud, help members understand different points of view. At the end of the semester, the club holds an event ⑤recommending favorite books.

Jimin joined the school band club in March, but she had never performed before an audience. The club's first concert was only two weeks away, and everyone felt ①nervous. During practice, her hands ②shook whenever the song reached the chorus, and she kept missing the same chord. Instead of laughing at her mistakes, the other members waited patiently and played the section again with her. The drummer, Suho, suggested that she focus on just one part at a time. Slowly, her fingers grew more ③hesitant, and the chord that once felt impossible began to feel natural. The club practiced until the melody sounded ④smooth the night before the concert. When Jimin walked onto the stage, she thought of her friends' patience instead of her fear. The audience clapped ⑤warmly, and she realized her club's support had made the difference.

Picture a woman who receives a plain ceramic mug as a free gift at a conference and, later that afternoon, ① refuses to sell it for anything less than triple its price in the gift shop downstairs. Before she owned the mug, she would never have paid extra for it; once it became hers, however, its value in her mind ② declined sharply, simply because she now possessed it. Researchers have ③ repeatedly observed this pattern across many everyday objects, from coffee mugs and concert tickets to office chairs and old furniture inherited from relatives. Owners ④ consistently demand more money to give something up than buyers are willing to offer for that very same item, revealing a curious asymmetry rooted purely in possession itself. Some economists argue that this effect explains why negotiations over inherited property so often ⑤ collapse, since each side quietly attaches a different value to what it currently holds.

This year's Club Festival will be held in the school gym and nearby classrooms next Friday. Visitors should first pick up a program map at the entrance to find each club's booth. Art and photography clubs will show their work in Classroom 201. Dance and music clubs will perform on the gym stage. Performances start every thirty minutes, so guests should arrive five minutes early. Because seating is limited, latecomers may need to stand at the back. Visitors may take photos, but please turn off the camera flash during performances. Food will be sold outside the gym, but drinks cannot be brought into the exhibition rooms. If you have questions, staff members wearing yellow vests will be glad to help. We hope everyone enjoys _______________.

Philosopher Jeremy Bentham designed the panopticon, a prison structure in which a central watchtower allows a single guard to observe every cell, while inmates can never determine whether they are actually being watched at any given moment. (A) Foucault extended this logic beyond prisons to schools, hospitals, and workplaces, suggesting that modern institutions increasingly rely on continuous, often invisible observation rather than physical force to maintain order. (B) French theorist Michel Foucault later transformed this architectural idea into a broader theory of power, arguing that the mere possibility of being observed is often sufficient to produce obedient behavior. (C) Contemporary scholars have applied Foucault's framework to digital surveillance, arguing that smartphones and workplace monitoring software recreate panoptic conditions on a vastly larger scale.

주어진 문장: This practice, sometimes described as superficial reporting, allows a company to appear responsible without actually reducing its environmental harm. ESG management refers to a company's efforts to consider Environmental, Social, and Governance factors alongside profit when making business decisions. ( ① ) Investors increasingly rely on ESG ratings to judge whether a company is managed responsibly and sustainably over the long term. ( ② ) Recently, however, many corporations have learned to boost their ESG scores without genuinely transforming their operations. ( ③ ) Some firms publish glossy reports filled with impressive statistics while their actual carbon emissions barely decline, exploiting the fact that ESG evaluation systems still lack consistent global standards. ( ④ ) This gap between appearance and substance has led critics to demand stricter, more transparent criteria for measuring corporate responsibility. ( ⑤ ) Genuine ESG management, in contrast, requires measurable targets, independent audits, and long-term accountability rather than one-time donations or attractive slogans. Investors who wish to identify truly responsible companies should therefore examine detailed disclosures instead of trusting labels alone.

주어진 문장: Not everyone welcomes this shift, however, and some worry that it comes at a cost. As technology continues to reshape the job market, educators and employers increasingly agree on which skills will matter most in the coming decades. ( ① ) Technical literacy, including basic coding and data analysis, has become nearly as fundamental as reading and writing once were. ( ② ) Schools have begun redesigning curricula to emphasize problem-solving and adaptability, moving away from rote memorization toward project-based learning that mirrors real workplace challenges. ( ③ ) Most experts insist that a balanced combination of technical skill, adaptability, and communication will define successful careers ahead. ( ④ ) Communication skills matter as well, since many future jobs will require collaborating with both human colleagues and intelligent systems. ( ⑤ )

If such a divide hardens, competitive advantages in school, sports, and the workplace could come to depend less on effort than on access to capital. Beyond restoring lost function, engineers are now exploring implants and prosthetics designed to give healthy people abilities beyond ordinary human limits. ( ① ) Supporters frame this as simply the next step in a long history of human enhancement, no different in principle from eyeglasses or vaccines. ( ② ) Critics counter that earlier enhancements were broadly available to anyone regardless of wealth. ( ③ ) Cutting-edge neural and physical implants, by contrast, are likely to remain expensive for decades, potentially splitting society into those who can afford enhancement and those who cannot. ( ④ ) What began as a medical tool for restoring what was lost, in other words, may end up redefining the baseline of what counts as an ordinary human being. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: Back then, few people could have predicted that such a job would even exist. When Mina graduated from college five years ago, she had never even heard the term "data scientist." ( ① ) She had studied statistics simply because she enjoyed solving puzzles with numbers. ( ② ) Everything changed when a small tech startup, which was building an app to predict traffic patterns, hired her to analyze massive amounts of data. ( ③ ) Mina quickly discovered that she loved turning raw numbers into insights that helped real people make better decisions. ( ④ ) Within two years, demand for professionals like her had exploded, as companies in every industry realized how valuable data could be. ( ⑤ ) Today, Mina leads a team of ten analysts, mentoring young graduates.