영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

When Daniel was a child, he dreamed of becoming an astronaut, yet he assumed such careers ①belonged only to a handful of government scientists. By the time he entered university, however, the space industry had changed dramatically, as private companies began ②launching satellites and building reusable rockets. Daniel studied aerospace engineering, ③drawing to the idea that space exploration was no longer limited to a few national agencies. During an internship, he helped design a small satellite ④intended to monitor crop health from orbit. He realized that the space industry now needed not only pilots and engineers but also data analysts and technicians ⑤familiar with international space regulations.

When consumers compare two products and assume that the one labeled "eco-friendly" is automatically the more ①sustainable choice, they often overlook the complexity involved in verifying such a claim. Life cycle assessment, commonly abbreviated as LCA, is a systematic method developed to evaluate the environmental impact of a product across every stage of its existence. By tracing a product from its origin to its disposal, this approach reveals impacts that might otherwise remain ②hidden from consumers who see only the finished item on a shelf. For example, an electric vehicle may produce no emissions while being driven, yet the mining of metals for its battery can generate ③substantial environmental costs elsewhere. Without accounting for these earlier stages, a ④superficial comparison could mistakenly present the vehicle as entirely emission-free. Therefore, researchers increasingly rely on life cycle assessment to make ⑤uninformed decisions rather than trusting labels alone.

Many people feel a ①sudden wave of anxiety when their smartphone battery is nearly dead or they have left it at home. This ②intense discomfort, known as nomophobia, is short for "no-mobile-phone phobia." Researchers explain that this fear develops because smartphones have become ③tightly linked to social belonging; missing a notification can feel like being cut off from friends. Therefore, experts suggest gradually reducing phone checks to ④strengthen this anxious dependence. Recognizing nomophobia as a real psychological pattern is the first step toward a ⑤healthier relationship with technology.

During the rainy season, umbrellas and raincoats become ①essential items for daily life. After using a wet umbrella, let it ②dry fully in a well-ventilated place before folding it again. Storing a damp umbrella in a closed bag can cause mold and a bad smell, so this habit is actually quite ③harmful. It is helpful to wipe off dirt and mud with a soft cloth, since dirt left on the fabric can ④protect the waterproof coating over time. Checking the umbrella's frame regularly for rust also helps it last ⑤longer.

Retailers use a variety of techniques designed to encourage customers to make unplanned purchases. Placing small, inexpensive items near checkout counters, for example, tempts shoppers who are already waiting in line with little else to do. Online stores achieve a similar effect through countdown timers that create a false sense of urgency, suggesting that a deal will vanish within minutes. Bright colors, cheerful music, and pleasant scents are also carefully chosen to put customers in a relaxed mood, making them less likely to think critically about their spending. Critics argue that these tactics ___________. Supporters of the industry insist that such techniques merely make shopping more enjoyable and are not inherently deceptive.

A documentary director named Mira first traveled to a remote Arctic glacier to film its towering cliffs of blue ice, which seemed frozen in time. Standing before the massive wall, she assumed such an enormous structure could hardly change within a lifetime. Five years later, however, she returned to the very same coordinates, expecting her camera to capture an identical scene. Instead, she discovered that the glacier had retreated so dramatically that the ice cliffs, once visible from her original position, had nearly disappeared, leaving bare rock and pools of meltwater behind. Comparing the two sets of footage side by side, Mira realized that _______________. This encounter convinced her that climate change, which she had previously regarded as a distant statistic, was in fact an urgent process reshaping landscapes before her eyes.

Jian wanted to become a reader for years, but every time he picked up a thick novel, he felt overwhelmed and quickly closed it. His cousin, who had read dozens of books that year, told him about something called the two-minute rule. This rule states that a new habit should be shrunk to under two minutes, since a smaller starting point ___________. Instead of committing to a full chapter each night, Jian promised himself only to open a book and read one page.

Mental accounting also shapes how consumers respond to windfalls of different sizes and origins. (A) A modest windfall, such as a small cash-back reward, tends to be absorbed into everyday spending and disappears almost unnoticed within a household's general budget. (B) A substantial windfall, by contrast, such as an inheritance or a large bonus, is more likely to be mentally assigned to a separate category, sometimes labeled as "extra" money reserved for investment or a significant purchase. (C) This difference in treatment suggests that the perceived significance of a sum, rather than its objective purchasing power, determines the mental account into which it is placed.

주어진 문장: She almost forgot about it by the next week, assuming the habit would not last long. Until last spring, Minji rarely thought twice about tossing a paper cup into the trash after finishing her coffee. ( ① ) Environmental issues seemed distant, something scientists and politicians should handle rather than an ordinary student like her. ( ② ) That changed when her class was assigned a documentary about plastic waste drifting through the ocean, footage she initially expected to find boring. Instead, watching seabirds mistake plastic fragments for food left her strangely unsettled, and she found herself thinking about the assignment long after class ended. ( ③ ) The next morning, almost without deciding to, she slipped her old tumbler into her backpack instead of buying a disposable cup on the way to school. ( ④ ) It felt like a small, meaningless gesture at first. ( ⑤ ) However, as weeks passed, she realized that consistently choosing the tumbler, declining a plastic straw, and reusing a shopping bag were quietly adding up. Small choices, she discovered, become meaningful once repeated.

주어진 문장: Vague intentions, by contrast, give the brain no clear signal about when effort should begin or end. Setting a goal such as 'I will study harder' rarely leads to meaningful improvement. ( ① ) According to psychologists Edwin Locke and Gary Latham, specific and challenging goals produce far better performance than vague or easy ones. ( ② ) This idea, known as goal-setting theory, suggests that clear targets direct attention and sustain effort over time. ( ③ ) To apply this theory effectively, many educators recommend the SMART framework, which requires goals to be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. ( ④ ) For instance, a student following this framework might say, 'I will memorize thirty new words every week for two months.' Because the goal includes a clear number and a deadline, progress becomes easy to track and evaluate. Challenging goals also tend to increase motivation, since people often work harder when a target feels meaningfully difficult rather than trivially simple. ( ⑤ )