영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Last week, I started feeling tired and ①had a mild headache every afternoon at school. My mother told me it might be air-conditioning sickness, ②which happens when people sit in a cold room for too long. After doing some research, I learned a few simple ways ③to prevent it. I began carrying a light jacket ④wearing indoors when the room felt too cold, and I made sure to drink warm water instead of only cold drinks. Within a few days, my headaches ⑤disappeared, and I felt much more energetic.

When engineers design the software ① that controls a self-driving car, they inevitably face a question that philosophers have debated for decades. If a crash becomes unavoidable, should the vehicle protect its own passenger at all costs, or should it be programmed ② minimizing total harm, even if that means steering toward the person inside? Surveys reveal an uncomfortable contradiction: most people say a car should be programmed to save the greater number of lives, yet the same people admit ③ they would never buy a vehicle designed to sacrifice its own owner. This gap between the ideal and the personal choice suggests that ethical programming cannot ④ be settled by public opinion alone. Manufacturers, regulators, and philosophers must instead agree on transparent rules before autonomous vehicles ⑤ are allowed to make such decisions on the road.

Financial markets occasionally experience episodes in which asset prices rise far beyond any level that careful analysis of underlying fundamentals could justify, a phenomenon commonly attributed to herd psychology. During such episodes, individual investors, observing that prices have already risen substantially, often conclude that continuing to buy is ①reasonable simply because so many others are doing the same, rather than because any independent evaluation supports the purchase. This dynamic can become self-perpetuating: rising prices attract new buyers, whose purchases push prices higher still, thereby attracting yet another wave of buyers convinced that the upward trend itself constitutes ②reliable evidence of underlying value. Historical episodes of speculative excess display a strikingly similar pattern, suggesting that the underlying psychological mechanism remains ③variable even as the specific assets involved change considerably across centuries. Eventually, however, some triggering event, however minor, prompts a portion of investors to ④reconsider their assumptions, and the resulting wave of selling can trigger a collapse every bit as rapid and self-reinforcing as the original ⑤ascent.

The Greenfield Public Library will offer a variety of special programs for students during summer vacation. The reading club encourages children to read at least one book per week and ①hide their thoughts from others. The writing workshop helps older students ②improve their essay skills. All programs are free, but registration is required in advance because space is ③limited. Interested students should sign up at the front desk or through the library's website. Materials such as notebooks and pencils will be provided for ④every session, so students can make the most of their ⑤vacation.

Beyond restoring lost function, engineers are now exploring implants and prosthetics designed to give healthy people abilities beyond ordinary human limits, from night vision to reaction times faster than any athlete could achieve through training alone. Supporters frame this as simply the next step in a long history of human enhancement, ① no different in principle from eyeglasses or vaccines, only more direct. Critics counter that earlier enhancements were broadly available to anyone regardless of wealth, while cutting-edge neural and physical implants are likely to remain ② expensive for decades, potentially splitting society into those who can afford enhancement and those who cannot. If such a divide hardens, competitive advantages in school, sports, and the workplace could come to depend ③ less on effort than on access to capital. What began as a medical tool for restoring what was lost, in other words, may end up ④ preserving the baseline of what counts as an ordinary human being, keeping the definition of "normal" ⑤ unchanged for future generations.

Accidents rarely wait for a doctor to be nearby, which is why basic first aid knowledge can make a critical difference in the first few minutes after an injury occurs. Many students assume that only professionals should touch an injured person, fearing that any mistake might make things worse. In reality, a few simple actions, such as applying steady pressure to a bleeding wound or keeping an unconscious person's airway clear, can prevent a minor injury from becoming a life-threatening one. _______________, since every minute without basic care allows a treatable injury to worsen. Of course, first aid is never a substitute for professional medical treatment, and it should never replace an emergency call.

As private companies develop the technology to mine asteroids for rare metals and water, a legal question has become urgent: who owns the resources of outer space? Existing international treaties state that no nation may claim sovereignty over celestial bodies, but they say remarkably little about whether a private company may extract and sell what it finds there. Some governments have already passed domestic laws granting their own companies rights to material mined in space, a move that other nations view as _______________.

Software development teams are especially known for missing their own deadlines by wide margins. (A) A team asked to estimate a new project usually imagines everything proceeding smoothly, without bugs, meetings, or unexpected requests. (B) To avoid repeating this mistake, some teams now review how long their last three similar projects actually took before setting a new deadline. (C) Because this imagined version rarely matches reality, the original deadline is missed almost every time, often by weeks or months.

Yet this reluctance to accept a small certain loss often leads to a much larger loss later, when the declining trend continues unabated. Loss aversion strongly influences how investors manage their portfolios during periods of market decline. ( ① ) When the value of a stock begins to fall, many investors postpone selling, hoping that the price will rebound to its original level. ( ② ) This tendency is closely tied to the psychological discomfort of converting an unrealized loss into a realized one, since selling forces the investor to formally acknowledge the loss. ( ③ ) Research on trading behavior consistently shows that investors hold declining stocks for longer periods than rising ones, a pattern that runs counter to the basic principle of cutting losses early. ( ④ ) Financial advisors therefore encourage clients to set predetermined selling thresholds in advance, before emotional attachment to a particular price can distort their judgment. ( ⑤ ) By committing to a rule beforehand, investors can partially neutralize the emotional bias that loss aversion introduces into decision-making.

Ironically, the more confident these investors become, the less likely they are to seek out disconfirming evidence at all. Confirmation bias exerts a particularly strong influence in financial markets, where uncertainty leaves considerable room for interpretation. ( ① ) An investor convinced that a certain stock is undervalued will often read every piece of ambiguous news as further proof of that belief. ( ② ) Positive earnings are taken as confirmation of the stock's hidden potential, while disappointing earnings are dismissed as a temporary anomaly rather than a genuine warning sign. ( ③ ) This selective interpretation allows the investor's initial conviction to grow stronger with each new piece of information, regardless of whether that information actually supports the belief. ( ④ ) Financial advisors therefore recommend that investors deliberately seek out opinions that challenge their existing positions before making major decisions. ( ⑤ ) Only by actively exposing oneself to disconfirming evidence can one guard against the self-reinforcing cycle that confirmation bias tends to produce.