영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Factories that once employed hundreds of workers on an assembly line now run with a fraction of that staff, as robotic arms handle tasks ①that used to require human hands. Economists have long debated whether this shift destroys jobs or simply ②transforms them. Historical evidence offers some comfort: previous waves of automation eventually created new categories of work that no one ③had predicted. However, critics point out that earlier transitions unfolded over generations, ④given workers time to retrain, whereas today's robots are being deployed at a pace that leaves little room for adjustment. For this reason, many economists argue that the real challenge is not the robots themselves, but the speed at which society ⑤is expected to adapt to them.

When Mina was a freshman, she often ①spent her allowance within a few days. Her older cousin told her about the marshmallow experiment, a famous study ②in which children could eat one marshmallow immediately or wait for two. Researchers found that children who waited longer ③shown better academic performance and self-control years later. Inspired by the study, Mina began ④saving half of her allowance each week instead of spending it all on snacks. After three months, however, she had saved enough to buy a bicycle she had ⑤wanted for over a year.

For most of last year, Junho ①refresh his social media feed constantly, terrified of missing a party, a trending meme, or gossip among his friends. This restless anxiety, ②often called FOMO, or the fear of missing out, left him exhausted and strangely unsatisfied even after hours of scrolling. One weekend, his phone battery died during a hiking trip, and, to his surprise, he actually ③enjoyed the quiet afternoon without notifications interrupting his thoughts. Curious about this unexpected calm, Junho began ④deleting social apps for a few hours each day, gradually extending the breaks as weeks passed. Instead of dreading what he might be missing, he started noticing small pleasures, such as finishing a book or ⑤having an uninterrupted conversation with his family.

Last month, I attended a three-day career camp during summer vacation. On the first day, I chose the broadcasting workshop, where students practiced writing short news scripts and reading them in front of a camera. It was ①harder than I expected, since staying calm while a camera recorded my every move felt strange at first. By the second day, however, I began to enjoy the challenge, and my confidence ②grew with each attempt. The instructors, who all had real broadcasting experience, gave detailed feedback rather than simple praise, which helped us improve ③quickly. On the final day, each team presented a short news segment to the entire camp. Although I still feel ④certain about my future career, this camp helped me ⑤understand what working in media actually involves.

As buildings account for a substantial share of global energy consumption, architects have increasingly turned to a design philosophy known as the passive house standard, which ①minimizes energy demand through the building's own structure rather than through mechanical systems. Central to this approach is airtight construction, in which continuous insulation and sealed joints prevent conditioned air from leaking outward, thereby ②reducing the heating and cooling loads conventional buildings require. Triple-glazed windows, oriented to capture sunlight in winter while shading interiors in summer, further ③destabilize indoor temperatures without relying heavily on furnaces or air conditioners. Ventilation systems equipped with heat exchangers also recover warmth from outgoing air, transferring it to incoming air so that comfort is maintained without ④excessive energy use. For example, some passive houses built in cold climates have reduced heating costs by more than ninety percent. Consequently, many architects regard passive house design not as a luxury for wealthy homeowners but as a practical model ⑤capable of reshaping mainstream construction.

For a class project, I interviewed a local architect who has worked in the field for over fifteen years. She explained that architects must ①balance creativity with practical concerns like safety and cost. When I asked about challenges, she mentioned that clients sometimes change their minds after a design is finished. Instead of feeling frustrated, she said she tries to see each change as a ②chance to improve the project. She also advised students to visit construction sites whenever possible, since seeing a real building take shape teaches ③valuable lessons no classroom can offer. At the end of the interview, she smiled and said that choosing architecture was the ④worst decision she had ever made. Her passion made me ⑤consider design as a possible career for myself.

As technology continues to reshape the job market, educators and employers increasingly agree on which skills will matter most in the coming decades. Beyond technical knowledge, employers consistently rank problem-solving and adaptability among the most valuable qualities in job candidates. Schools have begun redesigning curricula to emphasize these competencies, moving away from rote memorization toward project-based learning that mirrors real workplace challenges. Some critics worry that this shift undervalues traditional academic knowledge, but most experts insist that ___________.

When Minji was in ninth grade, she posted a joking comment mocking a classmate's photo, never imagining anyone would remember it later. Last spring, she applied to join her school's student council, hoping her leadership experience would impress the selection committee. During the interview, however, one teacher mentioned having seen an old, unkind comment under Minji's name while reviewing applicants' profiles. Startled, Minji realized that everything she had ever posted online had quietly accumulated into what is called a digital footprint, a lasting trail of personal data left behind by online activity. Although she deleted the comment immediately, the damage to her reputation had already been done. She understood that digital footprints ___________.

When engineers design the software that controls a self-driving car, they inevitably face a question that philosophers have debated for decades: who should the vehicle protect in an unavoidable crash? (A) This gap between the ideal and the personal choice suggests that ethical programming cannot be settled by public opinion alone. (B) Surveys reveal an uncomfortable contradiction: most people say a car should minimize total harm, yet the same people admit they would never buy a vehicle designed to sacrifice its own owner. (C) Manufacturers, regulators, and philosophers must instead agree on transparent rules before autonomous vehicles are allowed to make such decisions on the road.

주어진 문장: In other words, working longer hours does not necessarily lead to better results if that time is spent in a low-energy state. For decades, productivity advice has focused almost entirely on managing time efficiently, yet many experts now argue this approach overlooks something important. ( ① ) This alternative approach, known as energy management, suggests that controlling personal energy matters more than controlling the clock. ( ② ) Unlike time, which flows at a constant rate, human energy naturally rises and falls in cycles shaped by sleep, food, and mental fatigue. ( ③ ) A person who tackles difficult tasks during a low-energy period, for instance, may need two hours to finish what takes thirty minutes at peak energy. ( ④ ) Similarly, someone who forces themselves to keep working without rest often produces careless mistakes that require additional time to correct later. ( ⑤ ) Advocates of energy management recommend identifying one's peak hours and reserving them for demanding work, while saving low-energy periods for routine tasks.