영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Many schools give students a list of recommended books at the start of each year. ① Choosing these books is not as simple as picking well-known titles. Teachers must think about a wide range of student interests, not just their own favorites. A good list should also ② including stories from different cultures and different kinds of characters, so that every student can find someone to relate to. Reading level matters too; a book that is too difficult can make a student ③ give up on reading altogether, while a book that is too easy may feel boring. Teachers often ask students for feedback after they finish a book, and they slowly ④ update the list based on what students actually enjoyed. In the end, the best recommended list is not fixed forever; it keeps changing to match the readers it ⑤ is meant to serve.

The ancient puzzle known as the ship of Theseus asks a deceptively simple question. If every plank of a wooden ship ① is replaced one by one over many years, is the vessel that eventually results still the same ship it once was? Most people's first instinct is to answer yes, since each individual replacement seems too small to ② erasing the ship's identity. The puzzle grows far sharper, however, once a second twist is introduced. Suppose a careful collector gathered every discarded plank and reassembled them into a second vessel, ③ built exactly as the original once stood. Two ships would then exist side by side, each with an equal claim ④ to being the genuine one, and no obvious way to decide between them. Philosophers return to this old story again and again, not because they care about timber, but because it forces us to ask whether identity depends on continuous material, continuous form, or some deeper thread that neither one can fully ⑤ explain.

For most of the twentieth century, a library was simply a quiet room full of books, and visitors were expected to stay ① silent while they searched the shelves. Today, many public libraries look completely ② similar. Alongside the usual shelves, you might find group study rooms, comfortable sofas for reading, computer labs, and even small recording studios for podcasts. Librarians say this change did not happen by ③ accident. As more information moved online, fewer people needed a library simply to find facts, so librarians began asking what their communities actually needed instead. The answer, in many neighborhoods, turned out to be space itself: a warm, ④ free place where students could study together, job seekers could print a resume, and children could attend a story hour. Some critics worry that libraries are drifting away from their original mission of preserving books, but librarians respond that a library survives only by ⑤ changing with its readers.

My grandmother keeps a wooden cabinet filled with tiny furniture, each piece no larger than a fingernail, that she has been building for over a decade as a miniature hobby. When I first saw the cabinet, I assumed the appeal was simply how ① impressively small and precise the pieces looked. Talking with her while she worked, though, I learned that the real challenge lies in imagining an entire, believable world at a scale the eye can barely process, deciding where a miniature family might set down a teacup or leave a chair pulled slightly away from the table. She once spent three weekends carving a single tiny bookshelf, only to leave two of its shelves deliberately ② empty, explaining that a completely full room would look ③ lived-in rather than staged. That small decision taught me that miniature craft is not primarily about ④ precision, but about convincingly imagining an ordinary life small enough to fit inside a ⑤ shoebox.

Symbolic interactionism approaches society not as a fixed structure imposed from above but as something continuously constructed through everyday face-to-face interaction, in which individuals interpret and respond to the ① literal meanings that objects, actions, and other people hold for them. Sociologist George Herbert Mead argued that the self itself emerges through this interactive process, as individuals learn to see themselves from the perspective of others, gradually ② internalizing what he called the generalized other, a composite sense of society's expectations. Erving Goffman extended this framework with his dramaturgical approach, comparing social life to a theatrical performance in which individuals ③ manage impressions, present different faces in different settings, and carefully control what audiences see backstage versus onstage. Unlike structural theories that emphasize large institutions, symbolic interactionism ④ focuses on the small, repeated exchanges through which shared meaning is negotiated, arguing that even stable social structures ultimately depend on countless everyday interactions in which participants continuously ⑤ reaffirm the meanings they attach to one another's words and gestures.

Before making a purchase, most online shoppers now read reviews written by previous customers rather than relying solely on advertisements. These reviews, posted by people who have no financial connection to the seller, often seem more trustworthy than promotional claims. Research shows that products with a large number of positive reviews sell significantly more than those with few or no reviews at all. However, fake reviews written by paid writers or even automated programs have become a serious problem, undermining consumer trust. Platforms that fail to detect these fraudulent posts risk losing credibility with their users, who expect authentic opinions when making decisions. To address this issue, several review platforms have begun using artificial intelligence to identify suspicious patterns. Ultimately, the power of online reviews ___________.

Stairs seem too ordinary to be dangerous, which is why many people treat them carelessly, texting, carrying an armful of books, or skipping two steps at a time. Emergency room records tell a different story: _______________. Familiarity encourages a kind of autopilot mode, in which a person stops looking at each step and instead relies on memory of where the stairs should be.

Students who read many books across many different subjects often develop a habit that quieter learners sometimes lack: the habit of comparing new information with what they already know. A student who has read about ancient wars, ocean ecosystems, and modern economics can more easily notice when two different subjects share a similar pattern. This kind of connection-making is closely related to what psychologists call critical thinking, since _______________. Extensive reading also builds a large mental library of examples, which makes it easier to evaluate whether a new claim sounds reasonable or exaggerated.

People often recognize, in calm reflection, that their future selves will be tempted to abandon a goal they currently value. Rather than relying solely on willpower at the critical moment, they may choose to restrict their own future options in advance, a strategy known as precommitment. (A) What unites these examples is a simple insight: because future desires cannot always be trusted, the wisest moment to act may be now, while judgment remains clear and temptation has not yet taken hold. (B) By making certain choices costly, inconvenient, or impossible to reverse, individuals can protect a long-term goal from a short-term impulse that has not yet arisen. (C) A person hoping to save money might lock funds into an account that penalizes early withdrawal, removing the very temptation that would otherwise be difficult to resist. Similarly, someone determined to finish a project might publicly announce a deadline, transforming private intentions into a commitment that carries social consequences if broken.

Robert Merton refined this framework by distinguishing manifest functions, the intended and openly recognized consequences of a social practice, from latent functions, unintended consequences that nonetheless help sustain the system, such as schools serving not only to educate but also to provide childcare that allows parents to work. Structural functionalism approaches society as a complex system of interdependent parts, each contributing to the overall stability and smooth operation of the whole, much as organs contribute to the survival of a biological body. ( ① ) Sociologist Talcott Parsons argued that institutions such as the family, education, religion, and government each perform necessary functions, socializing new members and transmitting values. ( ② ) Removing or weakening any one institution, in his view, threatens the equilibrium of the entire system. ( ③ ) Critics have long charged that functionalism, by emphasizing stability and equilibrium, struggles to explain social conflict and rapid change. ( ④ ) It tends to interpret persistent inequality as somehow functional for society rather than as a problem requiring correction. ( ⑤ )