영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Carbon neutrality refers to a state in which the amount of greenhouse gases a country or company releases into the atmosphere ①<u>is balanced</u> by the amount it removes, resulting in zero net emissions. Achieving this goal typically requires several sequential stages rather than a single sudden action. First, organizations attempt to reduce emissions directly ②<u>by replacing</u> fossil fuels with renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power. Next, they improve efficiency throughout their operations, ③<u>minimizing</u> the energy wasted during production and transportation. Only after these direct measures have been maximized do most organizations turn to offsetting, ④<u>which involve</u> funding projects like reforestation or carbon capture to compensate for emissions that cannot yet be eliminated. Critics argue, however, that some companies exploit offsetting too early, ⑤<u>using it to avoid making</u> genuine reductions. Therefore, experts insist that a credible roadmap must always prioritize actual emission cuts before relying on compensation.

Our school's book club, Page Turners, meets every Wednesday to discuss a book the members ①chose. At the start of each month, students suggest titles and vote to pick one. This way, everyone feels some ownership over what the club reads next. Before each meeting, members read several chapters and ②prepare a few questions. During the meeting, the leader opens discussion by ③asking a question about the story's main idea. Then members take turns ④sharing their opinions, even when they disagree with each other. For example, students once argued for a long time about a character's difficult choice. Such debates, though sometimes loud, help members understand different points of view. At the end of the semester, the club holds an event ⑤recommending favorite books.

Every time an antibiotic kills off a population of bacteria, a handful of cells carrying a random mutation that resists the drug are left behind to ① multiply without competition. Repeated over decades, across hospitals, farms, and households worldwide, this simple process of natural selection has produced strains of bacteria that survive treatments once considered reliably ② effective. The pharmaceutical industry, meanwhile, has slowed the pace at which new antibiotics reach the market, since a drug meant to be taken for only a week or two rarely earns back the ③ enormous cost of developing it. Researchers are therefore searching in ④ unconventional places, screening soil microbes, ocean sediment, and even genetic databases for molecules that kill bacteria through mechanisms resistant strains have not yet learned to evade. Some scientists have also revived an older approach, using viruses that infect only bacteria to hunt down resistant strains with a ⑤ carelessness no broad-spectrum drug could ever match.

Generative AI systems learn to write, draw, and compose by studying ① enormous collections of existing human work, much of which was created without the artists' knowledge or consent. Supporters of the technology argue that this process resembles how a human student learns by studying the masters, ② absorbing style and technique rather than copying specific pieces. Critics respond that the comparison ③ holds up perfectly at scale, since a single AI model can absorb millions of works in days. Courts around the world are now being asked to decide whether training an algorithm on copyrighted material counts as fair use or as ④ infringement. Until clearer rules emerge, artists, developers, and publishers remain locked in a legal ⑤ gray zone that satisfies almost no one.

Fast fashion refers to cheap, trendy clothing produced quickly and replaced almost as fast as it is bought. Because these garments are designed to be worn only a few times, huge amounts of fabric end up in landfills every year, and the dyeing process pollutes rivers near factories. In contrast, a growing number of brands are turning toward the circular economy, _______________. For example, some companies collect old clothes, break down the fibers, and weave them into new fabric, while others let customers rent outfits for special occasions rather than buying garments they will barely wear. These approaches keep resources circulating within the system longer, reducing demand for raw materials. Therefore, shifting from a throwaway habit toward a circular one may be essential for making the fashion industry sustainable.

Jihun made a resolution to study English for two hours every day, and for the first three days, he followed his plan perfectly. However, on the fourth day, he skipped his study time because he was too exhausted, and his resolution soon disappeared completely. Feeling disappointed, Jihun talked to his older sister, who told him that _______________. Following her advice, Jihun changed his plan to studying English for only twenty minutes each night, and this small goal felt much less overwhelming. He kept it every day for a month and eventually reached his original goal.

Caffeine is the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, prized for its ability to sharpen focus and fight off fatigue within minutes of consumption. It works by blocking adenosine, a chemical that gradually builds up in the brain throughout the day and makes us feel increasingly sleepy the longer we stay awake. By occupying the receptors that adenosine would normally bind to, caffeine tricks the brain into feeling alert even when the body has accumulated significant sleep pressure. The effects, however, last far longer than most people realize. Because caffeine can remain active in the bloodstream for five to six hours, a cup of coffee consumed in the late afternoon may still be interfering with the ability to fall asleep at midnight. Even when people do not consciously notice difficulty falling asleep, _______________. For this reason, many sleep specialists advise avoiding caffeine after early afternoon.

After learning that my constant headaches were caused by air-conditioning sickness, I decided to change a few habits. (A) Next, I made sure to drink warm water instead of only cold drinks throughout the day. (B) First, I began carrying a light jacket to wear whenever a room felt too cold. (C) Finally, I started stretching and walking around every hour instead of sitting still all day.

Coaches have traditionally focused athlete preparation on training volume and nutrition, but a growing body of research suggests that sleep deserves equal attention. (A) In response, many professional teams now employ sleep specialists who design travel schedules, control bedroom lighting and temperature, and even adjust competition start times when possible. (B) Frequent travel across time zones compounds this challenge considerably, since jet lag can disrupt an athlete's natural sleep-wake cycle for several days after a long flight. (C) During deep sleep, the body releases growth hormone, essential for repairing muscle tissue, while the brain consolidates motor skills practiced earlier that day into more stable, efficient patterns.

This kind of shift can already be seen in industries such as manufacturing and retail. The job market has changed dramatically over the past few decades, and it continues to shift every year. ( ① ) Many tasks once done entirely by humans are now shared with machines and computer programs. ( ② ) As a result, some traditional jobs have slowly disappeared, while entirely new positions have emerged to replace them. ( ③ ) For example, a graphic designer today must understand complex digital software to stay competitive in the field. ( ④ ) Adapting to these changes can feel stressful, but experts note that workers who stay flexible and keep learning tend to succeed. ( ⑤ ) In this rapidly changing world, the ability to adapt may be more valuable than any single specific skill.