영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

As consumers become more aware of global social and environmental issues, many now expect companies ①to take responsibility beyond simply selling products. This expectation has given rise to ethical consumption, in which shoppers consider factors such as fair wages, humane treatment of animals, and environmental sustainability before making purchases. Companies that ignore these concerns risk public backlash, especially when unethical practices are exposed through investigative journalism or social media. Some corporations have responded by publishing detailed sustainability reports, though critics ②questions whether these documents reflect genuine change or merely serve as public relations tools. Real accountability, according to many experts, ③requires independent verification rather than self-reported claims that cannot be easily checked. Consumers, for their part, must also ④remain vigilant, since a company's marketing language does not always ⑤match its actual practices.

On a summer evening, downtown streets often ①feel noticeably hotter than nearby parks or suburban neighborhoods, even after the sun has set. This phenomenon, known as the urban heat island effect, occurs when cities retain more heat than surrounding rural areas because of their dense concentration of asphalt, concrete, and buildings. Unlike soil or vegetation, which absorb and release heat gradually, these man-made surfaces absorb sunlight during the day and slowly ②radiates it back at night, preventing temperatures from cooling. Tall buildings ③packed closely together also block wind, trapping warm air within narrow streets. In contrast, areas with abundant trees and open water naturally ④stay cooler, since plants release moisture that helps lower surrounding temperatures. To reduce this effect, many cities have begun installing rooftop gardens and expanding public parks, ⑤hoping that additional greenery will absorb less heat than pavement does.

Have you ever thrown away an old pair of jeans simply because they no longer fit? Instead of ①discarding them, many people now turn old items into something new and useful. This creative process, ②called upcycling, transforms unwanted objects into products with greater value than before. For example, a worn pair of jeans can be cut and sewn into a sturdy bag or a small pouch. Old wooden pallets, ③once using for shipping, are often rebuilt into simple furniture such as tables and shelves. However, upcycling differs from ordinary recycling, ④which usually breaks materials down before making something new. In upcycling, the original material keeps most of its form while ⑤gaining a fresh purpose.

Social media researchers use the term context collapse to describe what happens when a single online post reaches audiences that would normally remain ①separate in offline life. In daily interactions, people naturally adjust their tone and content depending on whether they are speaking with family, close friends, or professional colleagues. However, a typical social media feed ②merges these distinct audiences into one undivided crowd, since a single post can simultaneously reach parents, employers, and casual acquaintances. Consequently, users often struggle to decide which version of themselves to present, knowing that a joke suitable for close friends might seem ③professional to a supervisor. This tension forces many users to either ④self-censor heavily or maintain multiple separate accounts tailored to different audiences. Understanding context collapse helps explain why online communication often feels more ⑤complicated.

Before a single line of dialogue is written for many animated shows, a character designer has already spent weeks deciding how that character should look, move, and be recognized at a glance. A visiting illustrator who spoke at our school explained that a truly successful design should be identifiable even as a plain black silhouette, since audiences often notice a character's outline before they notice any facial detail. She showed us early sketches of a now-famous cartoon hero, in which the same personality had been tested through dozens of different body shapes, from short and round to tall and angular, before the final version was chosen. Small choices, she added, carry surprising weight: rounded shapes tend to feel friendly and safe, while sharp angles suggest danger or power, even to viewers who have never studied design. I left the talk realizing that _______________.

As governments and companies work to address climate change, a new category of employment known as green jobs has expanded rapidly. Critics point out that transitioning workers from fossil fuel industries to green jobs is not always simple, since the required skills can differ significantly. Governments are therefore introducing training programs designed to help such workers shift smoothly into renewable energy careers. As climate goals become more urgent worldwide, ___________.

A striking proportion of individual investors believe their own stock-picking ability to be above average, a statistical impossibility given that only half of any population can genuinely outperform the rest. This tendency, known as overconfidence bias, leads investors to trade more frequently than a more cautious assessment of their own skill would justify. Paradoxically, then, the very confidence that motivates investors to act decisively often undermines the outcomes they are trying to achieve, since ___________ frequently produces worse results than a more modest, diversified strategy.

The discovery of CRISPR gene-editing technology gave scientists a tool precise enough to correct a single mistaken letter in the human genome, raising hope for curing inherited diseases. (A) Scientific organizations around the world have therefore drawn a careful line, permitting gene editing to treat disease in existing patients while banning any edit that would be inherited by their descendants. (B) Yet editing a gene in a sperm, egg, or early embryo does not simply change one patient; it alters the genetic code passed down to every future generation. (C) Critics worry, however, that as the technology becomes cheaper and more widely available, this line will become harder to enforce than it is to draw.

주어진 문장: This short exercise will make your motivation much clearer to yourself. This workbook is designed to help you set meaningful goals for the new year, so please read the instructions carefully before you begin. First, turn to page one and write down one goal you truly want to achieve this year. Next, complete the reason section by explaining why this goal matters to you. ( ① ) On page two, break your goal into four smaller monthly steps, using the space provided for each month. ( ② ) Then, use the weekly checklist on page three to track your progress every Sunday. ( ③ ) If you fall behind schedule, do not simply give up; instead, revise your steps in pencil and keep moving forward. ( ④ ) At the end of each month, write a short reflection about what worked well and what you might change. ( ⑤ ) Completing this workbook will help you stay focused and turn your goal into a real habit.

Critics note a further irony: when something goes wrong, such as a hacked exchange or a lost password, there is often no institution left to appeal to. Blockchain technology was originally promoted as a way to remove the need for trusted middlemen, allowing strangers to exchange value directly and verify transactions through a shared, tamper-resistant ledger. ( ① ) In theory, this design distributes power away from any single institution and toward the network as a whole. ( ② ) In practice, however, a small number of large players have come to dominate many blockchain networks. ( ③ ) They control enough computing power or currency to influence outcomes that were supposed to be decided collectively. ( ④ ) Whether decentralization can survive this concentration of power remains one of the technology's most unresolved questions. ( ⑤ )