영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Imagine a cafeteria where a healthy salad ①sits at eye level while fried snacks rest on a low shelf. Nobody is ②forbidden from choosing the snacks, yet most people quietly pick the salad instead. This simple technique illustrates a nudge, a concept from behavioral economics that gently ③guides people toward better choices without restricting their freedom. Companies and governments increasingly apply nudges to encourage sustainable consumption. For example, some hotels print reminders on towels stating that most guests reuse them, which ④persuade new guests to do the same and save water. Similarly, energy bills that compare a household's usage with that of efficient neighbors often lead people to reduce electricity use. Unlike strict regulations or heavy taxes, nudges ⑤rely on subtle changes in design rather than force. Critics argue nudges alone cannot solve large environmental problems, but combined with stronger policies, they can meaningfully shift everyday habits toward sustainability.

Our school will hold the New Year Goal Presentation Day on Friday, January 30th, in the main auditorium. Every student ①is invited to share one personal goal for this year in front of classmates and teachers. Each presentation should last no longer than two minutes and may include a poster or simple props ②to explain the goal clearly. Students ③who wish to participate must submit a short outline to their homeroom teacher by January 23rd. The event, ④held in the auditorium at two o'clock, will ending with light refreshments for everyone who attended. Prizes will be given for the most creative goal and the most inspiring presentation, ⑤chosen by a panel of teachers.

Feed an AI music program a mood, a tempo, and a rough genre, and within seconds it can generate a complete instrumental track, ① ready to be dropped under a video or used as background music for a small business. The software has studied thousands of existing songs, ② learning which chord progressions and rhythms tend to sound pleasant together, and it recombines these patterns into something new rather than ③ copying any single source directly. For independent creators who cannot afford a composer or expensive licensing fees, this has been a genuine breakthrough. Professional musicians, however, remain divided. Some welcome the tool as a quick way to sketch ideas before ④ refine them by hand, while others worry that a flood of AI-generated background music could quietly push human composers out of smaller, lower-budget projects, the very jobs many musicians once ⑤ relied on to build a career.

A shocking headline can spread across social media within minutes, long before anyone checks whether it is actually true. Studies show that false stories often travel ① slower than accurate ones, partly because surprising or emotional claims get shared more quickly than careful, balanced reporting. To handle this flood of information, students today need a skill that previous generations rarely had to practice: checking a source before believing it. Simple habits can make a ② real difference, such as looking for the original source of a claim, checking the date an article was published, and searching to see whether other trustworthy outlets are reporting the same story. Media literacy classes now teach students to ③ pause before they share anything, asking who wrote it and why. This small pause, teachers say, is often the only thing standing between a curious reader and a piece of ④ convincing misinformation, protecting not only the reader but everyone in their online ⑤ network.

Attention, students! Our school festival is going green this year, and we truly need your help. This event aims to reduce the disposable waste that usually piles up during the celebration. First, _______________. Second, each booth should use reusable decorations rather than paper banners that get thrown away within hours. Students who join as Green Helpers will manage the recycling stations, sorting cans, bottles, and paper carefully all day long. Therefore, everyone's small cooperation will directly lower the amount of trash sent to the landfill. However, single-use plastic bags are strictly prohibited at every booth this year. If your booth needs supplies, please contact the student council office before Friday. Let us work together to create a festival that is both fun and eco-friendly.

Melatonin is a hormone produced by a small gland deep within the brain, and its release follows a remarkably predictable daily pattern. Levels stay low throughout the bright hours of the day, begin rising in the evening as darkness falls, peak in the middle of the night, and then decline again as morning approaches. This rhythm is controlled primarily by light: specialized cells in the eye detect brightness and send signals that either permit or suppress melatonin production, which is why exposure to bright screens late at night can delay its release and make falling asleep more difficult. Unlike some hormones that directly cause the body to perform a task, _______________, preparing various systems to shift into a lower-energy state. Because of this signaling role, taking melatonin supplements at the wrong time can shift a person's internal clock in the opposite direction from what was intended.

Sleep is not a single, uniform state but a cycle that alternates between two very different modes: REM (rapid eye movement) sleep and non-REM sleep. During non-REM sleep, especially its deepest stage, the brain waves slow down dramatically, the body temperature drops, and tissue repair and growth hormone release reach their peak. This is the period most closely associated with physical restoration. REM sleep, by contrast, brings rapid eye movements, near-total muscle paralysis, and brain activity that closely resembles wakefulness. Most vivid dreaming occurs during this stage, and researchers believe _______________. A healthy night typically cycles through both stages four or five times, with non-REM dominating the early hours and REM periods lengthening toward morning. Disrupting either stage, through frequent awakenings or alcohol use, can leave a person feeling unrested even after a full night in bed.

Every day, email providers quietly block billions of unwanted messages before they ever reach a user's inbox, a task that would be impossible without an AI filtering system running constantly in the background. (A) This creates a constant back-and-forth, since spammers study which messages get blocked and then adjust their wording to slip through again. (B) The filter examines each incoming message for suspicious patterns, including certain keywords, unusual sender addresses, and formatting tricks that scammers commonly rely on to slip past detection. (C) What makes the system effective is that it keeps learning after launch, since a user's action of marking or rescuing a message becomes new training data.

Imagine standing at a crowded party where dozens of conversations blend into a wall of noise, yet you effortlessly track the words of the friend beside you. Curiously, if someone across the room utters your name, your attention snaps toward that voice almost instantly. This happens even though you had not consciously been listening to that conversation at all. (A) This phenomenon, known as the cocktail party effect, reveals that selective attention does not simply block out every unattended sound. (B) Anne Treisman later refined this account, suggesting that unattended channels are merely attenuated rather than eliminated altogether. Especially meaningful stimuli, including one's own name, can still surpass the threshold of conscious recognition. This refinement suggests that attention operates less like a gate and more like a dimmer switch, adjusting the salience of competing streams of information. (C) Early theorists such as Donald Broadbent proposed that unattended information is filtered out entirely before reaching awareness. Yet the fact that a person's own name can break through this filter contradicts such a rigid model.

The player may choose to take only Box B, or to take both boxes, and the prediction has already been made and cannot change at this point. Suppose a mysterious being with a near-perfect track record of predicting human choices presents a player with two boxes. ( ① ) Box A always contains a visible thousand dollars, while Box B contains either a million dollars or nothing at all, depending on a prediction the being made before the game even began. ( ② ) If the being predicted the player would take only Box B, it placed a million dollars inside; if it predicted the player would take both boxes, it left Box B empty. ( ③ ) One line of reasoning says taking both boxes is strictly better, since whatever is already inside the boxes cannot be altered by the player's choice. ( ④ ) A second line of reasoning says taking only Box B is better, since the being's near-perfect accuracy means that choosing both boxes almost guarantees an empty Box B. ( ⑤ ) This apparent conflict between two seemingly sound arguments has made the puzzle a lasting challenge for decision theory.