영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

문제 1

Artificial intelligence has begun to play a surprising role in creative industries ①once thought to be uniquely human. Programs can now compose music, generate paintings, and ②draft short stories within seconds. Some artists welcome this technology, ③used AI tools to explore new styles or overcome creative blocks that once took weeks to resolve. Others, however, argue that AI-generated art lacks the emotional depth ④that comes from genuine human experience. Therefore, artists who learn to work alongside AI, rather than compete against it, may find themselves ⑤with a distinct advantage.

문제 2

For decades, productivity advice has focused almost entirely on ①managing time efficiently, yet many experts now argue this approach overlooks something important. This alternative approach, ②known as energy management, suggests that controlling personal energy matters more than controlling the clock. Unlike time, which flows at a constant rate, human energy naturally rises and falls in cycles ③shaped by sleep, food, and mental fatigue. A person who tackles difficult tasks during a low-energy period, for instance, may need two hours ④to finish what takes thirty minutes at peak energy. Similarly, someone who forces themselves to keep working without rest often ⑤produce careless mistakes that require additional time to correct later.

문제 3

Every day, we leave behind marks of the gases that warm our planet, much like footprints ①left in wet sand. These marks, often called our carbon footprint, come from small choices such as driving, eating, and using electricity. Many students think that only ②small factories create these marks, but ordinary habits at home also matter greatly. For example, turning off lights when leaving a room ③reduces the energy that power plants must produce. Walking or biking to school instead of riding in a car also ④lowers the amount of gas released into the air. In contrast, leaving devices plugged in all night quietly increases our footprint without our notice. Therefore, students who practice these simple habits regularly can ⑤shrink their footprint significantly.

문제 4

Psychologists who study daily behavior describe habits through a model called the cue-routine-reward loop. This theory explains that every habit ①begins with a cue, a signal that tells the brain to start an ②automatic behavior. The brain then performs a routine, which is the action itself, whether physical or mental. Finally, the brain receives a reward, a ③negative feeling that makes it want to ④repeat the same behavior. For example, a notification sound can act as a cue that leads a student to check a phone, and the relief from boredom becomes the reward. Similarly, opening a refrigerator out of habit rather than hunger shows how a routine can run almost without ⑤conscious thought. Because this loop operates automatically, breaking a bad habit requires changing the routine while keeping the same cue and reward. Understanding this structure helps people redesign daily patterns more effectively than relying on willpower alone.

문제 5

Imagine two factories making the same product: one in a country with ①**strict** carbon rules, and one in a country with almost none. The factory facing stricter rules often spends more, which can make its goods ②**pricier** than those made elsewhere. To fix this imbalance, some governments have introduced the carbon border adjustment mechanism, a policy charging imported goods a fee based on how much carbon was released while producing them. Supporters argue that the system ③**protects** domestic industries and pushes foreign manufacturers toward cleaner methods. However, critics claim it unfairly ④**benefits** developing countries, which often lack money to modernize factories quickly. For example, a small exporter in a poorer nation might struggle to pay the added charge, though it contributes ⑤**little** to global emissions. Still, if wealthier nations pair the policy with technical support, it could become a genuinely fair tool for cutting emissions worldwide.

문제 6

Many people feel a ①sudden wave of anxiety when their smartphone battery is nearly dead or they have left it at home. This ②intense discomfort, known as nomophobia, is short for "no-mobile-phone phobia." Researchers explain that this fear develops because smartphones have become ③tightly linked to social belonging; missing a notification can feel like being cut off from friends. Therefore, experts suggest gradually reducing phone checks to ④strengthen this anxious dependence. Recognizing nomophobia as a real psychological pattern is the first step toward a ⑤healthier relationship with technology.

문제 7

Facial recognition software has moved rapidly from airport security lines into shopping malls, schools, and even private apartment buildings. (A) Independent studies, however, have repeatedly found that many commercial systems perform less accurately on women and people with darker skin tones. (B) Proponents note that the technology can unlock doors, catch shoplifters, and speed up identity checks far faster than any human guard could manage. (C) Several cities have already reported cases in which an innocent person was detained based on a flawed match.

문제 8

The label "biodegradable," in other words, can be far more conditional than consumers realize. A plastic bag that fully decomposes within months rather than lingering for centuries sounds almost too convenient to be real, yet certain bioplastics on the market do exactly that under the right conditions. ( ① ) Unlike conventional plastic, derived almost entirely from petroleum, many bioplastics are synthesized from renewable feedstocks such as corn starch or sugarcane, sometimes with the help of bacteria engineered to produce plastic-like polymers as a byproduct of their metabolism. ( ② ) Not every bioplastic biodegrades quickly, however. ( ③ ) Some marketed as eco-friendly break down only in industrial composting facilities that reach conditions rarely found in a backyard compost heap or the open ocean. ( ④ ) Critics point out that growing crops for bioplastic production can compete with food crops for farmland and water, complicating the assumption that a biological origin automatically makes a material more sustainable. ( ⑤ ) Researchers are now exploring bioplastics made from agricultural waste and algae instead of dedicated crops, hoping to sidestep this competition for land while preserving the benefits that first made bioplastics appealing.

문제 9

주어진 문장: This was her very first trip to the region, so she had nothing to compare the scene to except old photographs taken by earlier scientists. A documentary director named Mira first traveled to a remote Arctic glacier to film its towering cliffs of blue ice, which seemed frozen in time. ( ① ) Standing before the massive wall, she assumed such an enormous structure could hardly change within a lifetime. ( ② ) Five years later, however, she returned to the very same coordinates, expecting her camera to capture an identical scene. ( ③ ) Instead, she discovered that the glacier had retreated so dramatically that the ice cliffs, once visible from her original position, had nearly disappeared, leaving bare rock and pools of meltwater behind. ( ④ ) Comparing the two sets of footage side by side, Mira realized that a transformation she had expected to take centuries was actually happening within a single decade. ( ⑤ ) This encounter convinced her that climate change, which she had previously regarded as a distant statistic, was in fact an urgent process reshaping landscapes before her eyes.

문제 10

주어진 문장: Without such outside checks, companies could easily present exaggerated or even false claims as genuine achievements. As consumers become more aware of global social and environmental issues, many now expect companies to take responsibility beyond simply selling products. ( ① ) This expectation has given rise to ethical consumption, in which shoppers consider factors such as fair wages, humane treatment of animals, and environmental sustainability before making purchases. ( ② ) Companies that ignore these concerns risk public backlash, especially when unethical practices are exposed through investigative journalism or social media. ( ③ ) Some corporations have responded by publishing detailed sustainability reports, though critics question whether these documents reflect genuine change or merely serve as public relations tools. ( ④ ) Real accountability, according to many experts, requires independent verification rather than self-reported claims that cannot be easily checked. ( ⑤ ) Consumers, for their part, must also remain vigilant, since a company's marketing language does not always match its actual practices.