영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Every time a smartphone connects to a cell tower or a Wi-Fi network, it quietly records a data point that can later ① be pieced together into a detailed map of where its owner has been. Most users agree to this tracking without ② reading the fine print, assuming that a single company's database poses little threat. The real danger, however, emerges when location data from multiple sources ③ combining. A pattern that reveals a person's home, workplace, and daily route can expose far more than any single app ever intended to share. Companies often argue that anonymized data cannot be traced back to individuals, yet researchers have repeatedly ④ shown that a handful of location points is enough to identify a specific person. As a result, privacy experts increasingly insist that location data ⑤ deserves the same legal protection as medical records.

Factories that once employed hundreds of workers on an assembly line now run with a fraction of that staff, as robotic arms handle tasks ① that used to require human hands. Economists have long debated whether this shift destroys jobs or simply ② transforms them. Historical evidence offers some comfort: previous waves of automation eventually created new categories of work that no one ③ had predicted. However, critics point out that earlier transitions unfolded over generations, ④ given workers time to retrain, whereas today's robots are being deployed at a pace that leaves little room for adjustment. For this reason, many economists argue that the real challenge is not the robots themselves, but the speed at which society ⑤ is expected to adapt to them.

Remote work has moved from a rare privilege to a common practice for millions of employees worldwide. Supporters argue that remote work ①decreases productivity, since employees avoid long commutes and distracting office environments. It also allows companies to hire talented people regardless of where they live, ②widening the pool of candidates. Critics, however, worry that remote work ③weakens teamwork and makes it harder for new employees to learn from experienced colleagues. Without regular face-to-face interaction, some workers feel ④isolated and struggle to build strong professional relationships. For these reasons, many experts suggest that the future of work will likely be hybrid, ⑤combining flexibility with occasional in-person collaboration.

City governments increasingly market dense networks of surveillance cameras as a straightforward safety upgrade, promising ① faster emergency response and lower crime rates. In many cases, the technology delivers exactly what it promises, helping investigators identify suspects within hours rather than weeks. Yet the same infrastructure that catches criminals also creates a ② permanent record of where ordinary, law-abiding citizens go about their daily lives. Once a camera network exists, its purpose can quietly ③ shrink, from tracking traffic accidents to monitoring political protests, often without new public debate or explicit approval. Civil liberties groups argue that a city should decide how much surveillance it wants before the cameras go up, not years ④ afterward when the infrastructure is already impossible to remove. Convenience installed today, in other words, can quietly become ⑤ control tomorrow.

Modern factories increasingly rely on collaborative robots, often called cobots, which are designed to work safely alongside human employees. In practice, cobots typically handle repetitive or physically demanding tasks, such as lifting heavy parts, while human workers focus on tasks that require judgment and fine motor skills. This division of labor ___________, since each side contributes what it does best. Manufacturers who have introduced cobots report fewer workplace injuries and higher worker satisfaction, largely because employees no longer perform exhausting repetitive motions all day.

Automation is transforming labor markets more quickly than economists predicted only a decade ago. Factories once staffed by hundreds of workers now rely on robotic arms that assemble products with remarkable precision, and warehouses use automated systems to sort and deliver packages within a few hours. This shift does not simply eliminate jobs; it also creates roles that never existed before. Technicians who maintain robotic equipment are now in high demand, and engineers who design efficient automated systems are highly valued. Companies that invested early in automation often report ___________, since machines handle repetitive tasks while employees focus on creative problem-solving. This transition, however, also raises concerns about workers whose skills quickly become outdated. Policymakers argue that retraining programs are essential to help displaced workers move into emerging fields.

Generative AI systems learn to write, draw, and compose by studying enormous collections of existing human work. Supporters argue that this resembles how a human student learns by studying the masters. Critics respond that the comparison breaks down at scale: _______________. Courts around the world are now being asked to decide whether training an algorithm on copyrighted material counts as fair use or as infringement.

Technology has changed the way many jobs are performed today. (A) As a result, workers now need to keep learning new tools throughout their careers. (B) A graphic designer, for instance, must understand digital software that did not exist twenty years ago. (C) Machines and computer programs now handle tasks once done entirely by people.

A few years ago, spotting a manipulated video required a trained eye and specialized software. (A) Perhaps more troubling than any single fake video is the broader effect on public trust, sometimes called the liar's dividend, in which genuine footage can be dismissed as fabricated simply because deepfakes exist. (B) Today, freely available applications allow almost anyone to swap a face or fabricate a voice convincingly enough to fool casual viewers within minutes. (C) This shift has quietly undermined one of the oldest assumptions in human communication: that seeing and hearing something is a reliable way to confirm it happened.

주어진 문장: This unexpected combination of skills fascinated him more than he had expected. When Daniel was a child, he dreamed of becoming an astronaut, yet he assumed such careers belonged only to a handful of government scientists. ( ① ) By the time he entered university, however, the space industry had changed dramatically, as private companies began launching satellites and building reusable rockets. ( ② ) Daniel studied aerospace engineering, drawn to the idea that space exploration was no longer limited to a few national agencies. ( ③ ) During an internship, he helped design a small satellite intended to monitor crop health from orbit, a project that combined engineering with agricultural science. ( ④ ) He realized that the space industry now needed not only pilots and engineers but also data analysts, technicians, and even lawyers familiar with international space regulations. ( ⑤ ) After graduation, Daniel joined a startup developing lunar landing equipment, a job that barely existed when he first imagined his future career.