영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Individuals rarely evaluate their own lives in isolation; instead, they measure their achievements, possessions, and status against a reference group, a set of people they use as a standard for comparison. This group ① need not be one to which a person actually belongs. A struggling artist may judge success not against neighbors but against celebrated painters in art history, a comparison ② that can inspire ambition or, just as easily, breed persistent dissatisfaction. Sociologists distinguish between normative reference groups, which shape a person's values and behavior, and comparative reference groups, ③ which merely provide a benchmark for self-assessment. Robert Merton showed that soldiers who compared their promotion chances to peers within their own slow-moving unit often felt more satisfied than soldiers in units with faster promotion rates, because the latter could see colleagues ④ advance while they themselves ⑤ lagging behind.

Riding a bicycle is one of the most ① popular ways for teenagers to get around, yet many students still skip the one piece of equipment that could save their life: the helmet. Some argue that a short trip to a nearby store does not require any special protection, since the risk of a serious accident feels ② distant and unlikely. However, most bicycle accidents happen close to home, on familiar streets where riders feel too comfortable to expect danger. A sudden pothole, a car door opening without warning, or a patch of gravel can throw even an experienced cyclist off balance in an ③ instant. Wearing a helmet does not prevent a fall, but it dramatically ④ increases the chance of a serious head injury when one occurs. For this reason, safety experts insist that a helmet should be treated not as an optional accessory, but as a ⑤ basic requirement every time wheels touch the pavement.

Stairs seem too ① ordinary to be dangerous, which is why many people treat them carelessly, texting, carrying an armful of books, or skipping two steps at a time. Emergency room records tell a ② different story: falls on stairways send more people to the hospital each year than almost any other household accident. Familiarity ③ discourages a kind of autopilot mode, in which a person stops looking at each step and instead relies on memory of where the stairs should be, a habit that fails the moment something ④ unexpected occurs, such as a missing step or a loose railing. Safety officials recommend a few ⑤ unglamorous habits: keep one hand free, use the handrail, and turn on the light before stepping onto a dark staircase.

A loud, jarring alert sound interrupting a phone's normal notifications usually means one thing: a government agency has issued an emergency text to everyone in a specific area, ① warning of anything from a flash flood to a missing child. Some residents complain that the alerts arrive too frequently or for events that feel minor, leading a small number of people to ② silence the notifications altogether. Safety officials warn that this response ③ fulfills the entire purpose of the system, since a person who mutes every alert for convenience will also miss the one message that truly demands immediate action. Unlike a weather app that must be checked ④ voluntarily, an emergency alert pushes urgent information ⑤ directly to a person's pocket.

Standard economic theory assumes that money is fungible, meaning that a dollar earned as salary is functionally identical to a dollar received as a tax refund or won in a lottery. In practice, however, people routinely sort their finances into separate mental accounts, treating money differently depending on its source or intended purpose, a process economists call mental accounting. The practice thus reveals that financial behavior is guided less by pure arithmetic than by ___________ that money's origin and purpose.

Our film club spent an entire semester making a five-minute short film, and I was startled to learn just how little of that time was actually spent filming. We wrote and rewrote the script for nearly a month, then spent another two weeks drawing simple storyboards to plan every camera angle before a single scene was recorded. Filming itself took only two Saturday afternoons, yet editing the footage afterward consumed nearly six additional weeks, as we combed through hours of raw clips to choose the handful of seconds that actually made it into the final version. Our advisor warned us early on that amateur filmmakers usually underestimate editing the most, assuming that a good script and decent camera work will carry a film on their own. By the time our short film premiered at the school festival, I understood that _______________.

On Saturday afternoons, the small square near my house fills with the sound of a street guitarist who sets up his amplifier beside the fountain. At first, I assumed busking was simply a way for musicians to earn a little pocket money, but watching him more closely changed my mind. He does not merely play requests; he studies the mood of the crowd and adjusts his set list on the spot, slowing down for a tired evening walker or speeding up when children start dancing nearby. Unlike a concert hall performance, a street show has no fixed stage and no guaranteed audience, so _______________. This constant negotiation between performer and passerby, I realized, is itself a kind of art, one that depends as much on reading people as it does on playing an instrument.

Convenience installed today, in other words, can quietly become control tomorrow. City governments increasingly market dense networks of surveillance cameras as a straightforward safety upgrade, promising faster emergency response and lower crime rates. ( ① ) In many cases, the technology delivers exactly what it promises, helping investigators identify suspects within hours rather than weeks. ( ② ) Yet the same infrastructure that catches criminals also creates a permanent record of where ordinary, law-abiding citizens go about their daily lives. ( ③ ) Once a camera network exists, its purpose can quietly expand, often without new public debate or explicit approval. ( ④ ) Civil liberties groups argue that a city should decide how much surveillance it wants before the cameras go up, not years afterward when the infrastructure is already impossible to remove. ( ⑤ )

This is because waiting for paramedics to arrive can cost a student the few minutes that make the difference between recovery and tragedy. A food allergy can turn an ordinary snack shared between classmates into a medical emergency within minutes, which is why schools now take ingredient labels more seriously than they once did. ( ① ) For someone with a severe allergy, even a trace amount of the wrong ingredient, transferred by a shared spoon or an unwashed hand, can trigger a reaction that closes the airway and becomes life-threatening if untreated. ( ② ) Friends of allergic students sometimes assume that a small bite would not cause serious harm, not realizing that the amount needed to trigger anaphylaxis can be smaller than a crumb. ( ③ ) Recognizing the early signs, such as swelling around the lips, hives, or sudden difficulty breathing, allows classmates and teachers to act before the reaction becomes severe. ( ④ ) Many schools now train staff to use an epinephrine auto-injector, a device that can reverse a dangerous reaction within seconds. ( ⑤ )

Treating a wellness app as a substitute for medical expertise, they warn, can be just as risky as ignoring a warning altogether. A growing number of health apps now track steps, sleep, and heart rate throughout the day, quietly building a detailed picture of a user's physical condition without requiring a single visit to a doctor's office. ( ① ) By comparing this stream of data against patterns drawn from millions of other users, the app's algorithm can flag early warning signs, such as an irregular heartbeat, long before the person experiencing it would have noticed anything unusual on their own. ( ② ) For people living far from specialists or unable to afford frequent checkups, this kind of constant monitoring can feel like a genuine safety net. ( ③ ) Doctors caution, however, that these apps are designed to detect patterns, not to diagnose illness. ( ④ ) A worried user should always confirm any alarming reading with a professional rather than trusting an app's suggestion alone. ( ⑤ )