영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Many people throw away items ①that they no longer need. However, some students have started ②to buy and sell used goods instead of throwing them away. This practice, often ③called secondhand trading, takes place at flea markets or through simple online apps. When you buy a secondhand book or a used bicycle, you save money and reduce waste at the same time. For example, a jacket that no longer ④fit your older sibling can become a treasure for someone else. Giving an old item to a new owner is like giving a toy a second life. In contrast, throwing away useful items increases the amount of trash that ends up in landfills. Therefore, secondhand trading, ⑤which requires little effort, protects both your wallet and the environment. Small choices like this can make a big difference for our planet.

Imagine watching a fair coin land on heads five times in a row and feeling an increasingly strong intuition that the next flip is somehow due to produce tails. This intuition, though psychologically ① compelling, rests on a basic misunderstanding of probability, since each flip of a fair coin remains entirely ② independent of every flip that came before it. The coin possesses no memory of its previous outcomes, and its probability of landing on tails on the sixth flip stays ③ fixed at fifty percent regardless of how many heads preceded it. Casinos have long profited from this misconception, watching gamblers place larger bets after a losing streak simply because they ④ mistakenly believe that a win has become statistically overdue. Economists have even documented the same error among trained professionals, including loan officers who grow more likely to approve a risky application simply because they recently rejected several applications ⑤ sporadically.

Setting a career plan early in high school offers several important ①benefits. First, having a general direction helps students choose subjects and activities that support their goals, instead of picking them ②randomly. Second, a plan gives students a sense of purpose, which can make schoolwork feel more meaningful. However, an effective career plan should remain ③rigid, since interests and circumstances often change during the teenage years. Career counselors therefore recommend reviewing a plan every few months and ④adjusting it based on new experiences. In this way, careful planning provides a clear yet adaptable path toward genuine personal growth and long-term ⑤satisfaction.

Our school's book club, Page Turners, meets every Wednesday to discuss a book the members chose. At the start of each month, students suggest titles and vote to pick one. This way, everyone feels some ①indifference over what the club reads next. Before each meeting, members read several chapters and prepare a few questions. During the meeting, the leader opens discussion by asking a question about the story's main idea. Then members take turns sharing their opinions, even when they disagree with each other. For example, students once argued for a long time about a character's ②difficult choice. Such debates, though sometimes ③loud, help members understand ④different points of view. At the end of the semester, the club holds an event to recommend favorite books. Through this process, reading becomes less like homework and more like a ⑤shared conversation.

As more schools shift toward digital textbooks and online assignments, a student without reliable internet access at home faces a disadvantage that has little to do with talent or effort. During recent years, this gap became ① impossible to ignore, as families in rural areas or low-income neighborhoods struggled to complete schoolwork that assumed a stable connection and a personal device. Some policymakers initially treated internet access as a ② convenience, comparable to cable television, rather than as infrastructure essential to modern life. That assumption is increasingly being reconsidered, particularly as more essential services move online by default. Closing this divide will require ③ far less than simply distributing devices; it will demand ④ sustained investment in the physical networks that carry information into every home, ⑤ regardless of income or location.

Millions of people now wear devices that continuously track their heart rate, sleep patterns, and daily activity, generating an ① intimate stream of health data that would have been unthinkable to collect just two decades ago. Users generally assume this information belongs to them, since it is drawn directly from their own bodies. In practice, however, the terms of service that few people read often grant the manufacturer ② narrow rights to store, analyze, and even sell anonymized versions of that data to insurers or advertisers. This arrangement becomes especially troubling when health data influences decisions far beyond fitness, such as insurance premiums or employment screening. Advocates for reform argue that biological data deserves a category of protection ③ stronger than ordinary consumer information, precisely because it can never truly be ④ replaced or reset once it has been ⑤ exposed.

Many people give up on their new year's resolutions within just a few days, and psychologists explain that this happens mainly because of _______________. First, willpower is like a muscle that becomes tired after being used too much, so people often run out of self-control by the end of a busy day. Second, many resolutions are unrealistic from the beginning, since people set goals that are far too difficult to reach in a short time. Third, most resolutions do not offer any immediate reward, so people find it hard to stay motivated without seeing fast results.

Facing a shortage of caregivers and a rapidly aging population, several countries have begun deploying robots designed to remind elderly residents to take medication and offer simple conversation. Early trials show that many residents report reduced loneliness, particularly when a robot's presence allows a human staff member to spend more time with each patient. Critics, however, worry that _______________, especially in facilities already struggling with tight budgets.

Factories that once employed hundreds of workers on an assembly line now run with a fraction of that staff, as robotic arms handle tasks that used to require human hands. (A) However, critics point out that earlier transitions unfolded over generations, giving workers time to retrain, whereas today's robots are being deployed much faster. (B) Historical evidence offers some comfort: previous waves of automation eventually created new categories of work that no one had predicted. (C) A factory worker displaced this year, therefore, cannot simply wait for a new industry to emerge decades from now.

주어진 문장: This difference in regulation can create an uneven playing field between the two factories, since one operates under far tighter restrictions than the other. Imagine two factories making the same product: one in a country with strict carbon rules, and one in a country with almost none. ( ① ) The factory facing stricter rules often spends more, which can make its goods pricier than those made elsewhere. ( ② ) To fix this imbalance, some governments have introduced the carbon border adjustment mechanism, a policy charging imported goods a fee based on how much carbon was released while producing them. ( ③ ) Supporters argue that the system protects domestic industries and pushes foreign manufacturers toward cleaner methods. ( ④ ) However, critics claim it unfairly burdens developing countries, which often lack money to modernize factories quickly. ( ⑤ ) For example, a small exporter in a poorer nation might struggle to pay the added charge, though it contributes little to global emissions. Still, if wealthier nations pair the policy with technical support, it could become a genuinely fair tool for cutting emissions worldwide.