영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

The term green premium ①<u>describes</u> the extra cost that consumers must pay when they choose an environmentally friendly product or energy source over a conventional, cheaper alternative. For example, an electric vehicle or solar-powered appliance ②<u>often carries</u> a higher price tag than its gasoline-powered or coal-based counterpart, even though it produces fewer emissions over time. This price gap frequently discourages shoppers who support sustainability in principle but cannot justify the additional expense within a limited household budget. In contrast, wealthier consumers can absorb the premium more easily, ③<u>which creates</u> unequal participation in green markets. To narrow this gap, governments have introduced subsidies and tax credits ④<u>that lower</u> upfront costs, while companies invest in research to make clean technologies cheaper to manufacture. As production scales up and innovation continues, many economists expect the green premium ⑤<u>to shrinking</u> steadily, eventually making sustainable choices the more affordable option for most consumers.

Facial recognition software has moved rapidly from airport security lines into shopping malls, schools, and even private apartment buildings, ① promising convenience in exchange for a quick scan of one's face. Proponents note that the technology can unlock doors, catch shoplifters, and speed up identity checks far faster than any human guard ② could manage. Independent studies, however, have repeatedly found that many commercial systems ③ performs less accurately on women and people with darker skin tones, a gap that can lead to wrongful identification with serious real-world consequences. Several cities have already reported cases in which an innocent person ④ was detained based on a flawed match. Until these systems can prove equally reliable for everyone, deploying them at all represents a form of quiet discrimination ⑤ dressed up as efficiency.

Every day, we leave behind marks of the gases ①that warm our planet, much like footprints left in wet sand. These marks, ②often called our carbon footprint, come from small choices such as driving, eating, and using electricity. Many students think that only large factories create these marks, but ordinary habits at home also matter greatly. For example, turning off lights ③when leaving a room reduces the energy that power plants must produce. Walking or biking to school instead of riding in a car also lowers the amount of gas ④releasing into the air. In contrast, leaving devices plugged in all night quietly increases our footprint without our notice. Therefore, students ⑤who practice these simple habits regularly can shrink their footprint significantly.

Classical economic models typically assume that people discount future rewards at a constant rate, valuing a reward received later somewhat less than an identical reward received now, but doing so ①consistently across all time horizons. Empirical observation, however, reveals a different pattern: people apply a much ②steeper discount to the immediate future than to the distant future. When the reward or cost in question lies safely in the future, its emotional weight remains ③vivid, allowing rational long-term goals to dominate one's stated intentions. Once that same reward or cost draws near, however, its immediacy triggers a disproportionately strong emotional pull, frequently ④overriding the very plans made earlier with such apparent confidence. This dynamic helps explain chronic procrastination, since tasks that carry long-term benefits are perpetually ⑤deferred in favor of activities offering more immediate satisfaction.

The job market has changed dramatically over the past few decades. Many tasks once done entirely by humans are now shared with machines and computer programs. As a result, some traditional jobs have slowly ①appeared, while entirely new positions have emerged to replace them. Workers who once relied on a single skill for their whole career now often need to learn new tools. A graphic designer today must ②understand digital software that did not exist twenty years ago. Adapting to these changes can feel ③stressful, but experts note that workers who stay flexible and keep learning tend to ④succeed regardless of which industry they choose. The ability to adapt may be more valuable than any single specific ⑤skill.

Recovering from a serious sports injury involves far more than simply waiting for torn tissue to heal; it requires a carefully structured program that gradually reintroduces stress to the affected area. Immediately after an injury, rest and gentle range-of-motion exercises help prevent stiffness. As pain subsides, therapists introduce light resistance training, slowly rebuilding strength in muscles that have weakened from disuse. Progressing too quickly at this stage is a common mistake, since _______________. Only after strength and flexibility approach pre-injury levels do specialists introduce sport-specific drills that mimic the exact movements an athlete will face in competition.

Psychologists who study daily behavior describe habits through a model called the cue-routine-reward loop. This theory explains that every habit begins with a cue, a signal that tells the brain to start an automatic behavior. The brain then performs a routine, which is the action itself, whether physical or mental. Finally, the brain receives a reward, a positive feeling that makes it want to repeat the same behavior. For example, a notification sound can act as a cue that leads a student to check a phone, and the relief from boredom becomes the reward. Similarly, opening a refrigerator out of habit rather than hunger shows how a routine can run without conscious thought. Because this loop operates automatically, breaking a bad habit requires ___________. Understanding this structure helps people redesign daily patterns more effectively than relying on willpower alone.

When I told my parents I wanted to become a musician, I expected them to worry about money and stability. Instead, my father surprised me by asking what kind of music made me feel most alive. My mother, who had once dreamed of becoming a painter herself, admitted that she still wondered what her life might have looked like. Their honesty made me realize that parents' influence on career choices is not always about pressure or control. ___________ Still, my parents' support taught me that the most helpful kind of guidance often respects a child's own voice instead of replacing it.

주어진 문장: In other words, the paper completely loses its original shape and becomes a soft, wet mixture. Every day, people throw away piles of used paper without thinking about where it goes. ① However, most of that paper does not have to end up in a landfill. Instead, it can travel to a recycling factory and become brand new paper again. ② First, workers collect old newspapers, boxes, and notebooks left in recycling bins. These papers are then soaked in water and turned into soft, mushy pulp. ③ You can think of this process like breaking a cookie back into flour and water. For example, ink and small pieces of plastic are removed from the pulp during this stage. ④ The clean pulp is pressed into thin sheets and dried in large machines. Therefore, a wrinkled old newspaper can be reborn as clean white paper. ⑤ In contrast to throwing paper away, recycling it saves trees and reduces waste.

주어진 문장: This same routine has continued every week since the project began in March. The science club at Hanul High School is running a project called "Grow Light." It tests how different colors of light affect plant growth. ( ① ) Each week, members place identical bean sprouts under red, blue, and white light and record their height. ( ② ) At first, many students expected the white light to produce the tallest plants. ( ③ ) However, the results showed that plants under red light grew noticeably faster than the others. ( ④ ) The club's advisor explained this by comparing light to food. Just as people need certain nutrients to grow strong, plants absorb certain colors of light more efficiently than others. ( ⑤ ) To make the data reliable, students repeat each trial three times and calculate the average. They also keep a shared notebook, recording sunlight, watering time, and temperature. Next month, the club plans to present these findings at the school science fair.