영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Every light ①left on in an empty room wastes electricity that could have powered something useful elsewhere. For example, a single classroom light left on overnight can waste enough energy ②to charge dozens of phones. This habit is similar to ③leave a faucet running while you brush your teeth, where water flows out for no reason. However, when an entire school ④forms this habit together, the total amount of ⑤saved energy becomes significant.

Marketers have long recognized that perceived scarcity, the sense that a product or opportunity ①are available only in limited quantity or for a limited time, can dramatically increase its desirability, even when the item's intrinsic qualities remain entirely unchanged. This phenomenon, known as the scarcity effect, operates on a simple psychological principle: when something appears difficult to obtain, people tend ②to infer that it must be valuable, since truly worthless items rarely generate genuine competition for possession. A retailer who labels a product as "limited edition" or displays a countdown timer beside a discounted offer exploits this inference, ③prompting customers to make hurried purchase decisions they might otherwise postpone or reconsider. Experimental studies confirm that identical products ④are rated as more desirable and often command higher prices when framed as scarce than when the same products are presented as widely and continuously available. The effect intensifies further when scarcity is attributed to high demand rather than to limited supply alone, since competition from other buyers ⑤introduces an additional layer of urgency absent from mere supply constraints.

For decades, productivity advice has focused almost entirely on ①managing time efficiently, yet many experts now argue this approach overlooks something important. This alternative approach, ②known as energy management, suggests that controlling personal energy matters more than controlling the clock. Unlike time, which flows at a constant rate, human energy naturally rises and falls in cycles ③shaped by sleep, food, and mental fatigue. A person who tackles difficult tasks during a low-energy period, for instance, may need two hours ④to finish what takes thirty minutes at peak energy. Similarly, someone who forces themselves to keep working without rest often ⑤produce careless mistakes that require additional time to correct later.

Imagine a cafeteria where a healthy salad ①sits at eye level while fried snacks rest on a low shelf. Nobody is ②forbidden from choosing the snacks, yet most people quietly pick the salad instead. This simple technique illustrates a nudge, a concept from behavioral economics that gently ③guides people toward better choices without restricting their freedom. Companies and governments increasingly apply nudges to encourage sustainable consumption. For example, some hotels print reminders on towels stating that most guests reuse them, which ④persuade new guests to do the same and save water. Similarly, energy bills that compare a household's usage with that of efficient neighbors often lead people to reduce electricity use. Unlike strict regulations or heavy taxes, nudges ⑤rely on subtle changes in design rather than force. Critics argue nudges alone cannot solve large environmental problems, but combined with stronger policies, they can meaningfully shift everyday habits toward sustainability.

Years ago, a small shoe company struggled to compete with larger, well-funded rivals in the market. Its products were ①solid, but customers rarely ②remembered the brand after a single purchase. Sales slowly ③decreased as people felt they were supporting something meaningful rather than simply buying a product. Other companies noticed this shift and began crafting their own narratives, hoping to create similar ④emotional connections. Eventually, the founder realized that a compelling story, told honestly, could turn ordinary customers into ⑤loyal supporters.

Attention all club leaders: applications for the club budget are now ①closed. If your club wants support for materials, events, or competitions, please follow the steps below. First, download the budget request form from the school website and fill in your club's name, purpose, and requested amount. Second, attach a short plan explaining how the money will be used, since forms without a clear plan will not be reviewed. Third, submit the ②completed form to the teacher in charge of student activities by August 14th. Applications received after the deadline will not be ③accepted. Once submitted, each request will be reviewed by the budget committee, which meets every Friday. ④Approved clubs will receive their funds within two weeks, and results will be posted on the club bulletin board. Please contact Mr. Han in the activities office if you have any ⑤questions.

The Riverside Summer Festival will take place from August 1st to August 3rd at Riverside Park. This annual event offers ___________. During the day, local farmers and small businesses will sell fresh fruits, snacks, and handmade crafts. In the evening, live music performances and a fireworks show will light up the night sky, while children can enjoy water games near the fountain area.

The Hopeful Start Workshop will be held on January 10th at the Green Hill Community Center. This event is designed to _______________. The workshop will run from two to four in the afternoon, and participants will learn simple methods for writing goals that are specific and easy to measure. The workshop is open to all middle and high school students, and no experience is required. Registration is free, but seats are limited to thirty people, so early sign-up is recommended.

The twenty-hour rule proposes that years of practice are not needed to become skilled at a new activity. Only about twenty hours of effort are needed to reach a useful level. Unlike theories claiming true mastery requires ten thousand hours, this rule targets a more modest goal. That goal is simple competence for everyday use. According to supporters, ___________, since a beginner has room to grow. Someone learning guitar can typically strum simple chords and follow a basic song within twenty hours of daily practice. Likewise, a language learner may soon order food or ask directions without years of formal study. Advocates emphasize that the twenty hours must be deliberate and focused, broken into short daily sessions rather than one long stretch. The hours should be aimed at fixing weaknesses rather than repeating what one already knows.

주어진 문장: Better rested individuals, in turn, tend to have more patience and energy for the people around them. A growing number of people are practicing what is now called digital detox, the deliberate decision to stop using smartphones for a set period. ( ① ) Rather than checking notifications every few minutes, participants unplug for a weekend, a week, or sometimes even longer. ( ② ) Numerous studies suggest that this temporary withdrawal produces real benefits for both the mind and the body. ( ③ ) First, attention spans fragmented by constant notifications gradually recover, allowing people to concentrate on single tasks for longer stretches. ( ④ ) Second, avoiding screens before bedtime improves sleep quality, since blue light emitted by devices is known to disrupt natural sleep cycles. ( ⑤ ) Third, people freed from their phones often rediscover the pleasure of face-to-face conversations that had been replaced by texting. Critics argue that complete disconnection is impractical in a hyperconnected society, yet even brief, regular breaks appear to restore balance. Therefore, scheduling periodic digital detox sessions deserves serious consideration.