영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Many students give up on their New Year goals because the goals feel too big ①to handle. A more effective approach is ②break a large goal into smaller, manageable steps. Instead of focusing on the entire year, try setting a goal for just one week, ③such as learning twenty new words. Once you complete that small step, ④move on to the next one, and gradually build toward the bigger goal. This method works because small tasks feel achievable, and completing them ⑤gives a sense of success.

Marketers have long recognized that perceived scarcity, the sense that a product or opportunity ①are available only in limited quantity or for a limited time, can dramatically increase its desirability, even when the item's intrinsic qualities remain entirely unchanged. This phenomenon, known as the scarcity effect, operates on a simple psychological principle: when something appears difficult to obtain, people tend ②to infer that it must be valuable, since truly worthless items rarely generate genuine competition for possession. A retailer who labels a product as "limited edition" or displays a countdown timer beside a discounted offer exploits this inference, ③prompting customers to make hurried purchase decisions they might otherwise postpone or reconsider. Experimental studies confirm that identical products ④are rated as more desirable and often command higher prices when framed as scarce than when the same products are presented as widely and continuously available. The effect intensifies further when scarcity is attributed to high demand rather than to limited supply alone, since competition from other buyers ⑤introduces an additional layer of urgency absent from mere supply constraints.

Individuals confronted with a set of options frequently default to whichever alternative requires no active decision at all. Decision-makers often treat the current arrangement as a reasonable ①baseline simply because it already exists, even when switching would plainly serve their interests better. When employees must actively opt into a retirement savings plan, participation rates remain stubbornly ②low; yet when the same plan is presented as automatic unless an employee opts out, participation rises ③dramatically, despite the fact that the underlying financial terms are identical in both cases. Two forces appear to drive this asymmetry: first, the cognitive effort required to evaluate alternatives and initiate change, and second, an aversion to the potential regret that might follow an active decision that turns out poorly. Because inaction carries no such vivid regret, the status quo comes to feel ④riskier than it objectively is, illustrating how mere inertia can ⑤masquerade as a deliberate preference.

When Mina graduated from college five years ago, she had never even heard the term "data scientist." After graduation, she ①struggled to find a job that matched her interests, since most companies did not fully understand what her skills were worth. Everything changed when a small tech startup hired her to ②analyze massive amounts of data. Mina quickly discovered that she loved turning raw numbers into insights that helped real people make ③worse decisions. Within two years, demand for professionals like her had ④exploded, as companies in every industry realized how valuable data could be. Today, Mina ⑤leads a team of ten analysts, mentoring young graduates.

As nudging has moved from academic theory into widespread practice, a persistent ethical question has accompanied its rise: at what point does subtly guiding behavior for someone's own benefit shade into manipulation that undermines their capacity for autonomous choice? This tension suggests that the ethical status of a nudge cannot be evaluated by examining its psychological mechanism alone; instead, it must be judged according to the ___________ of the party who designs it and the outcome that design is intended to produce.

Many students confuse the student council with school clubs. In fact, _______________________. The student council is an official body that represents the whole school. It manages shared issues such as rules, events, and communication with teachers. For example, council members often organize the school festival. They also collect opinions from each class before making decisions. A club, in contrast, is a small group formed around one shared interest, such as music or art. While the council must consider the needs of every student, a club can focus narrowly on what its own members enjoy. Therefore, joining the council usually requires an election, whereas joining a club simply requires genuine interest. Some students eventually do both, using the council to build leadership skills and a club to develop a personal passion.

Advertisements often rely on subtle psychological techniques that persuade viewers without their conscious awareness. One common method, known as social proof, shows images of many people using or enjoying a product, suggesting that its popularity guarantees quality. Another technique appeals to authority, featuring experts or professionals endorsing a product to make it seem more credible and trustworthy. Emotional appeals are equally common, connecting products with feelings such as happiness, nostalgia, or belonging rather than focusing on practical features. Repetition also plays a significant role, since seeing the same advertisement multiple times increases familiarity, which people often mistake for reliability. Researchers studying consumer behavior have found that ___________, since awareness disrupts the automatic psychological response advertisers depend on.

Minji looked forward to Jimin's livestreams every single evening without fail. (A) Eventually, at a crowded fan event, Jimin treated her exactly like any other stranger waiting in line. (B) Over time, she began to feel that the two of them shared a genuine, personal friendship. (C) That moment made Minji realize that the closeness she had felt existed only on her side.

Hospitals are increasingly adopting artificial intelligence tools that can scan medical images and flag potential tumors faster than experienced radiologists. (A) The doctor may argue that they simply trusted a tool the hospital required them to use, while the hospital may blame the software company instead. (B) Yet the growing reliance on these tools raises an uncomfortable legal question: when an AI system misses a diagnosis, who is responsible? (C) Until legal systems clarify this chain of responsibility, patients harmed by an algorithmic error may find themselves with no clear party to hold accountable.

This is because waiting for paramedics to arrive can cost a student the few minutes that make the difference between recovery and tragedy. A food allergy can turn an ordinary snack shared between classmates into a medical emergency within minutes, which is why schools now take ingredient labels more seriously than they once did. ( ① ) For someone with a severe allergy, even a trace amount of the wrong ingredient, transferred by a shared spoon or an unwashed hand, can trigger a reaction that closes the airway and becomes life-threatening if untreated. ( ② ) Friends of allergic students sometimes assume that a small bite would not cause serious harm, not realizing that the amount needed to trigger anaphylaxis can be smaller than a crumb. ( ③ ) Recognizing the early signs, such as swelling around the lips, hives, or sudden difficulty breathing, allows classmates and teachers to act before the reaction becomes severe. ( ④ ) Many schools now train staff to use an epinephrine auto-injector, a device that can reverse a dangerous reaction within seconds. ( ⑤ )