영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

For decades, most vaccines worked by ①injecting a weakened or inactivated version of a pathogen, coaxing the immune system into recognizing an enemy it had never truly fought. mRNA vaccines take a fundamentally different route, ②delivering only a short genetic instruction wrapped in a protective lipid capsule, one that tells the body's own cells how to manufacture a single harmless piece of a virus's outer surface protein. Once those cells display the fragment, the immune system learns to recognize it as foreign and ③builds a defense, without ever having encountered the actual pathogen. Because the vaccine contains no live virus and cannot alter a cell's own DNA, developers can redesign the genetic instructions within weeks whenever a pathogen ④mutating, rather than starting the years-long process required for traditional vaccines. This speed, first proven on a global scale during a recent pandemic, has convinced many researchers that the same platform could eventually ⑤be adapted to fight diseases far beyond infectious illness, including certain cancers.

When I joined the school broadcasting club two years ago, I only ①wanted to spend time with friends who shared my interests. Gradually, however, the club ②became something much more meaningful. I learned how to write short scripts, operate basic cameras, and ③editing simple video clips for school events. Our club also produced a short documentary about a local market, ④which taught me how much planning goes into even a five-minute video. What began as a casual after-school activity ⑤ended up shaping a clear direction for my future career.

Every spring, the art club at Sejong High School ①create one large mural together instead of individual paintings. The process begins with a session where members suggest themes and vote on their favorite idea. Once a theme is chosen, the club divides into small teams, each ②responsible for one section of the wall. One team sketches the outline while another ③mixes colors to match the design. Communication becomes essential at this stage, since each section must connect smoothly with the ones beside it. If one team paints too dark a shade, the whole picture can look unbalanced. Therefore, members regularly step back ④to compare their section with the rest of the mural. After several weekends, the teams combine their sections into a single image. The finished mural is displayed near the entrance, ⑤reminding everyone what cooperation can achieve.

Last spring, Minji joined a new club at her school called the Green Runners. Every Saturday morning, the members jog around the neighborhood park while picking up trash. This activity, called plogging, combines jogging with cleaning up litter from the streets. At first, Minji felt ①embarrassed to pick up garbage in front of other people. However, she soon realized that her small actions were making the park ②cleaner and healthier. For example, the group collected more than twenty bags of trash during their first month together. Picking up litter while running is like turning an ordinary workout into a meaningful mission. Minji's legs grew ③tired, but her heart felt ④proud after every session. Now, she encourages her friends, who used to tease her, to join the club as well. Minji believes that small habits, practiced together, can ⑤destroy a whole community.

Beyond restoring lost function, engineers are now exploring implants and prosthetics designed to give healthy people abilities beyond ordinary human limits. (A) Critics counter that earlier enhancements were broadly available to anyone regardless of wealth, while cutting-edge implants are likely to remain expensive for decades, potentially splitting society along economic lines. (B) Supporters frame this as simply the next step in a long history of human enhancement, no different in principle from eyeglasses or vaccines. (C) What began as a medical tool for restoring what was lost, in other words, may end up redefining the baseline of what counts as an ordinary human being.

The sunk cost fallacy also complicates decisions in personal relationships and long-term commitments. (A) A person who has invested years in a career path that no longer brings satisfaction may nonetheless continue along that path, reluctant to treat those years as time that cannot be reclaimed regardless of future choices. (B) This reluctance often stems less from genuine hope for improvement than from an unwillingness to admit that the time and effort already invested failed to produce the desired outcome. (C) Recognizing this pattern requires distinguishing between a decision genuinely worth continuing and one being sustained merely to justify past commitment, a distinction that is often uncomfortable to draw honestly.

Devices that translate brain activity directly into digital commands have moved from laboratory experiments to real medical use, allowing paralyzed patients to control a robotic arm using thought alone. (A) This prospect raises a philosophical question that medicine alone cannot answer: at what point does the assistance stop being a tool and start reshaping the identity of the person using it? (B) As the technology improves, some developers envision a future in which these interfaces extend beyond restoring lost function toward enhancing healthy minds. (C) Neuroethicists argue that mental privacy may need to be recognized as a fundamental right before this technology becomes widespread.

주어진 문장: This heightened sensitivity can manifest in a variety of noticeable ways. In recent years, mental health experts have identified a distinct emotional response to environmental crisis, commonly called eco-anxiety. ( ① ) Eco-anxiety describes persistent worry, grief, or fear triggered by awareness of climate change and its consequences for the future. ( ② ) Although people of all ages can experience it, teenagers and young adults seem especially vulnerable, since they anticipate living through decades of worsening conditions. ( ③ ) Common symptoms include difficulty sleeping, a sense of hopelessness, and guilt over ordinary choices such as travel or diet. ( ④ ) For example, some students report feeling paralyzed whenever they read alarming climate news, unable to focus on schoolwork or hobbies. ( ⑤ ) However, experts emphasize that eco-anxiety is not a disorder to be eliminated but a natural reaction that can be channeled productively. Rather than avoiding the topic, young people are encouraged to join community projects, since taking constructive action tends to restore a sense of control and ease overwhelming distress.

This slow but steady growth is exactly what turns a single visit into a lifelong value. Our school's volunteer club, Helping Hands, tries to make small acts of kindness feel natural. ( ① ) Each month, students visit a nearby nursing home and spend an afternoon talking with elderly residents. ( ② ) For example, they read newspapers aloud or just listen to old stories from the residents. In addition, members collect used books and toys from classmates and donate them to a community center downtown. ( ③ ) Some students feel nervous before their first visit, unsure of what to say to strangers. However, most discover that a warm smile works better than perfect words. ( ④ ) Therefore, the club's real goal is not just finishing hours for a report card. Instead, it teaches members that caring for others grows into a lasting habit, like watering a plant daily. ( ⑤ ) By the end of the year, many students say the club changed how they see their community.

주어진 문장: In short, mistakes become valuable only when a person chooses to learn from them. When people fail to reach a goal, they often feel embarrassed and want to give up. ( ① ) However, the way a person thinks about failure can change what happens next. ( ② ) Some people believe failing means they simply lack ability, so they stop trying. Others see failure differently: they treat it as useful information that shows what needs to change. ( ③ ) For example, a student who fails a math test might later ask the teacher which questions were weak points and study those areas more carefully. ( ④ ) Over time, people who view failure as a lesson rather than a final judgment tend to keep working toward their goals, even after several setbacks. ( ⑤ )