영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

The planning fallacy describes the tendency to ①systematically underestimate how long a task will take, even when experience suggests otherwise. Psychologists ②who studied this bias found that people focus mainly on an idealized, best-case version of a project. They focus less on how similar projects actually unfolded before. A student who insists an essay takes two hours, despite ③needing five hours for every previous essay, shows a clear instance of the fallacy. Large construction projects offer another example. Officials frequently predict completion dates that later ④proves far too optimistic once delays appear. Some researchers recommend a technique called reference class forecasting, ⑤comparing a new task to similar completed tasks.

Imagine rewriting a bacterium's code the way a programmer ① edits a line of software, and much of what synthetic biology promises begins to make sense. Researchers in this field assemble standardized genetic parts into circuits ② that can be inserted into a cell, instructing it to perform a task that no natural organism would carry out. Because these circuits are built from interchangeable parts rather than designed from scratch each time, a circuit tested in one lab can often ③ reusing, with minor adjustments, in an entirely different application. Critics note that biological systems rarely behave as predictably as electronic circuits, since a gene ④ inserted into a new cell can interact with existing pathways in unexpected ways, occasionally producing results no engineer intended. Even so, as the catalog of standardized parts keeps expanding, engineers are gaining confidence ⑤ to design increasingly complex systems, treating the cell as a chassis onto which new functions can be loaded.

Many students assume that perfectionists work harder than everyone else, but psychologists describe a puzzling pattern ①called the perfectionism-procrastination cycle. This term describes how an intense fear of imperfect work ②cause people to delay starting a task rather than begin it. Because perfectionists set impossibly high standards, they often feel anxious before they even begin, and the task feels ③overwhelming. They then postpone the work to avoid ④facing their own unrealistic expectations, even though delay only increases their stress later. For example, a student writing a research paper might spend hours reorganizing notes instead of composing a single sentence that ⑤feels good enough.

Food poisoning cases increase sharply during the hot summer months, and high temperatures ①allowing bacteria to grow quickly in food that is not stored properly. Make sure that meat, fish, and eggs ②are cooked thoroughly, since undercooked food can carry harmful bacteria. Keep perishable food in the refrigerator, and never ③leave it out at room temperature for more than two hours. It is also important ④to use separate cutting boards for raw meat and vegetables. If you experience symptoms such as stomach pain, ⑤seek medical attention promptly.

Many companies now advertise themselves as environmentally responsible, yet a growing number of these claims ①turn out to be misleading. This practice, known as greenwashing, ②occurs when a business spends more effort marketing its products as eco-friendly than actually reducing environmental harm. A company might launch a recycled-packaging line while ③continuing to pollute rivers through its main factories, creating a false impression of genuine change. Such tactics deceive well-intentioned consumers who wish to shop responsibly but ④lacks the tools to verify corporate claims. In contrast, truly sustainable businesses publish detailed, independently verified data about their emissions and supply chains, ⑤allowing outsiders to check their progress.

As companies collect enormous amounts of personal data to improve their products and target advertisements, serious ethical questions have emerged about how that information should be handled. Employees who work with big data now face responsibilities that previous generations rarely encountered, since a single careless decision can expose millions of people's private information. Regardless of which approach prevails, most experts agree that ___________. Universities have begun adding data ethics courses to computer science programs, recognizing that future employees will need to balance innovation with responsibility.

Psychologist John Suler proposed a concept called the online disinhibition effect, describing how people behave differently on the internet than they do face to face. Because usernames often hide real identities and screens create physical distance from others, individuals feel freer to express themselves without immediate social consequences. This freedom can be beneficial, allowing shy people to share honest feelings they would normally hesitate to reveal in person. However, the same anonymity frequently produces a darker outcome, encouraging users to post cruel comments they would never say to someone's face. Malicious remarks left under celebrities' photos or news articles illustrate how quickly this behavior can spread once a few users set the tone. Such comments often cause severe emotional harm to the people who receive them. Therefore, users must _______________.

When Suji transferred to a new school in March, she knew no one in her class and felt lonely during lunch and breaks. Her homeroom teacher suggested joining a club to make friends more easily. (A) One rainy afternoon, a fellow member, Hana, invited her to photograph the flooded schoolyard together. They laughed while trying to keep their cameras dry, and that moment grew into a real friendship. By the end of the semester, Suji had a small group of friends who understood her sense of humor. (B) Suji signed up for the photography club, though she had never taken photography seriously before. At the first meeting, older members taught her how to adjust a camera and find a good angle. (C) Because everyone shared photos and gave friendly feedback each week, Suji gradually felt more comfortable with the other members.

For her, it was just a small part of a normal morning routine. Yuna bought a disposable coffee cup every morning on her way to school. ① She never thought about where those cups ended up after she threw them away. ② One day, her science teacher showed the class a photo of a beach covered with plastic cups and bottles. Yuna felt shocked because she realized her small daily habit was part of a larger problem. ③ That evening, she found an old tumbler hidden in a kitchen drawer and decided to use it every day. At first, carrying the tumbler felt inconvenient, and she often forgot to bring it to school. ④ However, she kept a reminder note on her bag, which helped her remember it each morning. Within a month, using the tumbler had become as natural as brushing her teeth. ⑤ Her friends noticed the change and asked where she had bought the tumbler.

주어진 문장: For this reason, small differences in color or style can quickly become noticeable across the whole wall. Every spring, the art club at Sejong High School creates one large mural together instead of individual paintings. ( ① ) The process begins with a session where members suggest themes and vote on their favorite idea. ( ② ) Once a theme is chosen, the club divides into small teams, each responsible for one section of the wall. One team sketches the outline while another mixes colors to match the design. ( ③ ) Communication becomes essential at this stage, since each section must connect smoothly with the ones beside it. If one team paints too dark a shade, the whole picture can look unbalanced. ( ④ ) Therefore, members regularly step back to compare their section with the rest of the mural. ( ⑤ ) After several weekends, the teams combine their sections into a single image. The finished mural is displayed near the entrance, reminding everyone what cooperation can achieve.