영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

The gig economy, in which people take on short-term or freelance jobs, ①has grown rapidly over the past decade. Digital platforms now connect customers directly with drivers, designers, and writers, ②allowing workers to choose when and how much they work. Businesses, meanwhile, can hire help only when they ③actually need it. For many young people entering the job market, gig work provides valuable flexibility ④that traditional employment rarely allows. However, gig workers often lack benefits such as health insurance, which full-time employees typical ⑤receive.

When I told my parents I wanted to become a musician, I ①expected them to worry about money and stability. Instead, my father surprised me by ②ask what kind of music made me feel most alive. My mother, ③who had once dreamed of becoming a painter herself, admitted that she still wondered what her life might have looked like. Their honesty made me realize that parents' influence on career choices ④is not always about pressure or control. Their trust gave me the courage ⑤to keep pursuing music seriously.

Psychologists who study daily behavior describe habits through a model called the cue-routine-reward loop. This theory explains that every habit ①begins with a cue, a signal that tells the brain to start an ②automatic behavior. The brain then performs a routine, which is the action itself, whether physical or mental. Finally, the brain receives a reward, a ③negative feeling that makes it want to ④repeat the same behavior. For example, a notification sound can act as a cue that leads a student to check a phone, and the relief from boredom becomes the reward. Similarly, opening a refrigerator out of habit rather than hunger shows how a routine can run almost without ⑤conscious thought. Because this loop operates automatically, breaking a bad habit requires changing the routine while keeping the same cue and reward. Understanding this structure helps people redesign daily patterns more effectively than relying on willpower alone.

Elite athletes rarely walk up to a free throw line or a golf ball without first performing a highly specific sequence of movements, a habit sports psychologists call a pre-performance routine. Far from being mere superstition, this consistent sequence serves a genuine cognitive purpose. Repeating the same physical and mental steps before every attempt ① broadens an athlete's focus toward distracting thoughts about outcome or crowd noise and away from the specific technical cues needed to execute the skill correctly. Researchers have found that athletes who follow a consistent routine tend to show ② more stable performance under pressure than those who approach each attempt differently. The routine essentially functions as a trigger, cuing the body to shift ③ automatically into a familiar, well-rehearsed state. For this reason, coaches now ④ actively teach young athletes to develop and rehearse individualized routines rather than treating them as ⑤ personal quirks.

When engineers design the software that controls a self-driving car, they inevitably face a question that philosophers have debated for ① decades. If a crash becomes unavoidable, should the vehicle protect its own passenger at all costs, or should it be programmed to ② minimize total harm, even if that means steering toward the person inside? Surveys reveal an uncomfortable ③ contradiction: most people say a car should be programmed to save the greater number of lives, yet the same people admit they would never buy a vehicle designed to sacrifice its own owner. This gap between the ideal and the personal choice suggests that ethical programming cannot be settled by public opinion alone. Manufacturers, regulators, and philosophers must instead agree on ④ transparent rules before autonomous vehicles are ⑤ forbidden to make such decisions on the road.

Facial recognition software has moved rapidly into shopping malls, schools, and apartment buildings. Proponents note that it can unlock doors and speed up identity checks far faster than any human guard. Independent studies, however, have repeatedly found that many commercial systems perform less accurately on women and people with darker skin tones, which means that _______________. Several cities have already reported cases in which an innocent person was detained based on a flawed match.

The discovery of CRISPR gene-editing technology gave scientists a tool precise enough to correct a single mistaken letter in the human genome. Yet editing a gene in a sperm, egg, or early embryo does not simply change one patient; it alters the genetic code passed down to every future generation. Scientific organizations around the world have therefore drawn a careful line, permitting gene editing to treat disease in existing patients while banning any edit that would be inherited by their descendants. Critics worry, however, that _______________.

Water activities are fun, but they require careful preparation to stay safe. (A) In addition, checking the weather and water conditions before you swim is just as important, since sudden storms can create dangerous currents. (B) For example, always swim in areas supervised by a lifeguard, and never swim alone, no matter how confident you are. (C) Finally, wearing a life jacket in open water and taking regular breaks will help you avoid accidents and exhaustion.

At the time, I had no particular career goal in mind. Two years ago, I began volunteering at an animal shelter near my neighborhood on weekends. ( ① ) My tasks included feeding animals, cleaning cages, and helping visitors choose a pet to adopt. ( ② ) Over time, I noticed how much I enjoyed calming nervous or injured animals. ( ③ ) One rainy afternoon, a frightened puppy refused to eat, and I sat quietly beside it for over an hour until it finally relaxed. ( ④ ) I began researching careers in veterinary medicine and animal behavior, subjects I had never seriously considered before. ( ⑤ ) My volunteer work, which started as a simple hobby, slowly turned into the clearest career direction I had ever found.

This arrangement becomes especially troubling when health data influences decisions far beyond fitness, such as insurance premiums or employment screening. Millions of people now wear devices that continuously track their heart rate, sleep patterns, and daily activity, generating an intimate stream of health data. ( ① ) Users generally assume this information belongs to them, since it is drawn directly from their own bodies. ( ② ) In practice, however, the terms of service that few people read often grant the manufacturer broad rights to store, analyze, and even sell anonymized versions of that data to insurers or advertisers. ( ③ ) Advocates for reform argue that biological data deserves a category of protection stronger than ordinary consumer information. ( ④ ) This is precisely because it can never truly be replaced or reset once it has been exposed. ( ⑤ )