영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Over the past two decades, insights drawn from behavioral economics have moved beyond academic journals and into the machinery of government itself, ①reshaping how numerous public programs are designed and implemented. Tax authorities in several countries, for example, discovered that simply informing citizens how many of their neighbors had already paid overdue taxes on time substantially ②increased subsequent compliance rates, outperforming letters that merely threatened legal penalties for continued nonpayment. Public health agencies have applied similar principles to encourage preventive care, finding that appointment reminders phrased to emphasize the personal cost of a missed visit ③proved more effective than neutral reminders listing only the date and time. Employment offices redesigned job-seeking assistance programs around specific, actionable steps rather than general encouragement, discovering that participants who were asked ④to write down a concrete plan for the following week were considerably more likely to follow through than those who received only general advice. What unites these disparate interventions ⑤are a shared recognition that small, carefully tested adjustments to how choices are presented can produce measurable improvements in outcomes.

When engineers design the software ① that controls a self-driving car, they inevitably face a question that philosophers have debated for decades. If a crash becomes unavoidable, should the vehicle protect its own passenger at all costs, or should it be programmed ② minimizing total harm, even if that means steering toward the person inside? Surveys reveal an uncomfortable contradiction: most people say a car should be programmed to save the greater number of lives, yet the same people admit ③ they would never buy a vehicle designed to sacrifice its own owner. This gap between the ideal and the personal choice suggests that ethical programming cannot ④ be settled by public opinion alone. Manufacturers, regulators, and philosophers must instead agree on transparent rules before autonomous vehicles ⑤ are allowed to make such decisions on the road.

Jihun made a resolution to study English for two hours every day, and for the first three days, he followed his plan ①poorly and felt proud of himself. On the fourth day, however, he skipped his study time because he was too ②exhausted, and within a week, his resolution had disappeared. Feeling ③disappointed, Jihun talked to his older sister, who suggested that he try a smaller, more ④realistic goal instead of a large one. This small goal felt much less overwhelming, so he ⑤managed to keep it every day for a month.

Turning off lights when you leave a room seems like a ①huge action, but it saves more energy than most people expect. Both actions seem ②harmless in the moment, but they add up to a ③serious waste over time. However, when an entire school forms this habit together, the total amount of saved energy becomes ④significant. Therefore, this small daily habit can create a surprisingly ⑤large positive effect for the whole planet.

Yuna felt ①shocked because she realized her small daily habit was part of a ②larger problem. At first, carrying the tumbler felt ③inconvenient, and she often forgot to bring it to school. Within a month, using the tumbler had become as ④natural as brushing her teeth. Her friends ⑤ignored the change and asked where she had bought the tumbler.

As private companies develop the technology to mine asteroids for rare metals and water, a legal question once confined to science fiction has suddenly become ① urgent: who, if anyone, owns the resources of outer space? Existing international treaties state that no nation may claim sovereignty over celestial bodies, but they say remarkably ② little about whether a private company may extract and sell what it finds there. Some governments have already passed domestic laws granting their own companies rights to material mined in space, a move that other nations view as a ③ collective attempt to settle a question that should be decided collectively. Supporters of space mining argue that new resources could ④ ease shortages on Earth and fund further exploration, while critics ⑤ warn that treating space as an open frontier for extraction risks repeating the same mistakes that colonization caused on Earth.

Hospitals are increasingly adopting AI tools that can scan medical images and flag potential tumors faster than experienced radiologists. When an AI system misses a diagnosis that a human doctor would likely have caught, responsibility becomes difficult to assign. The doctor may argue that they simply trusted a required tool, the hospital may blame the software company, and the software company may argue that no algorithm can be expected to be perfect. As a result, _______________.

Every time a smartphone connects to a cell tower or a Wi-Fi network, it quietly records a data point that can later be pieced together into a detailed map of where its owner has been. (A) Companies often argue that anonymized data cannot be traced back to individuals, yet researchers have repeatedly shown that a handful of location points is enough to identify a specific person. (B) Most users agree to this tracking without reading the fine print, assuming that a single company's database poses little threat. (C) The real danger, however, emerges when location data from multiple sources is combined, revealing a person's home, workplace, and daily route.

주어진 문장: Recognizing these problems, environmental groups have urged the fashion industry to rethink how clothes are made and discarded. Fast fashion refers to cheap, trendy clothing produced quickly and replaced almost as fast as it is bought. ( ① ) Because these garments are designed to be worn only a few times, huge amounts of fabric end up in landfills every year, and the dyeing process pollutes rivers near factories. ( ② ) In contrast, a growing number of brands are turning toward the circular economy, an economic model in which materials are reused, repaired, or recycled instead of being thrown away after a single use. ( ③ ) For example, some companies collect old clothes, break down the fibers, and weave them into new fabric, while others let customers rent outfits for special occasions rather than buying garments they will barely wear. ( ④ ) These approaches keep resources circulating within the system longer, reducing demand for raw materials. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, shifting from a throwaway habit toward a circular one may be essential for making the fashion industry sustainable.

Similar changes are taking place in other fields as well. As technology develops rapidly, many new jobs are appearing that did not exist a decade ago. ( ① ) Data analysts, for example, help companies make decisions based on huge amounts of information. ( ② ) Renewable energy technicians install and repair solar panels and wind turbines, meeting the growing demand for clean power. ( ③ ) These emerging jobs share one common feature: they combine technical skill with the ability to solve real-world problems. ( ④ ) Experts predict that future workers will need to keep learning new skills throughout their careers, since technology continues to change so quickly. ( ⑤ ) For students planning their future, staying curious and adaptable may matter more than a single fixed career path.