영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Food poisoning cases increase sharply during the hot summer months, and high temperatures ①allowing bacteria to grow quickly in food that is not stored properly. Make sure that meat, fish, and eggs ②are cooked thoroughly, since undercooked food can carry harmful bacteria. Keep perishable food in the refrigerator, and never ③leave it out at room temperature for more than two hours. It is also important ④to use separate cutting boards for raw meat and vegetables. If you experience symptoms such as stomach pain, ⑤seek medical attention promptly.

Have you ever thrown away an old pair of jeans simply because they no longer fit? Instead of ①discarding them, many people now turn old items into something new and useful. This creative process, ②called upcycling, transforms unwanted objects into products with greater value than before. For example, a worn pair of jeans can be cut and sewn into a sturdy bag or a small pouch. Old wooden pallets, ③once using for shipping, are often rebuilt into simple furniture such as tables and shelves. However, upcycling differs from ordinary recycling, ④which usually breaks materials down before making something new. In upcycling, the original material keeps most of its form while ⑤gaining a fresh purpose.

When individuals face uncertainty about how to behave, they frequently look to the actions of others for guidance, ①assuming that a behavior adopted by many people is more likely to be correct or appropriate than one adopted by few, a tendency known as social proof. This reliance on collective behavior can be remarkably efficient, since it allows individuals ②to benefit from the accumulated judgment of a crowd without having to gather and evaluate every relevant fact themselves. However, social proof can also lead entire groups astray when the initial signal that ③trigger imitation is itself unreliable or coincidental. A restaurant that happens to attract a long line early in the evening may continue attracting customers throughout the night simply because passersby ④interpret the queue as evidence of superior quality. Financial markets exhibit an analogous pattern: investors who observe others buying a particular asset often join the buying themselves, ⑤reasoning that so many participants cannot all be mistaken.

Anthropologist Robin Dunbar proposed a concept now known as Dunbar's number, suggesting that human beings can only maintain about one hundred fifty stable social relationships at any given time. This limit, he argued, comes from the size of the human brain, which restricts how many meaningful connections a person can cognitively manage. In contrast, many social media users today have hundreds or even thousands of online friends and followers, a number far exceeding what Dunbar's research predicts. However, having numerous digital contacts does not necessarily mean that all of these relationships are close or emotionally supportive. Most users, when asked, admit that they interact regularly with only a small fraction of their total followers, while the rest remain largely unnoticed. Therefore, Dunbar's number reminds us that ___________.

Minimalism has become an appealing lifestyle choice for many young adults today. (A) As they discard unnecessary belongings, many report feeling less stressed and more focused on what truly matters to them. (B) Rather than accumulating possessions, they choose to keep only items that serve a clear purpose. (C) This shift often begins with a single frustrating experience, such as moving to a new home with too many boxes.

This loss, many say, is not simply about the words themselves but about a physical sense of place within the story. Whenever people discuss the future of reading, one debate never seems to end: e-books or paper books? ( ① ) Supporters of e-books point out that a single device can hold thousands of titles, which makes traveling with a full library incredibly light. Readers can also change the font size, look up a word instantly, and carry their entire collection in one bag. ( ② ) Fans of paper books, however, argue that something important is lost on a screen. ( ③ ) Many readers say they remember a paper book's plot more clearly, perhaps because they recall where a scene appeared on the page. ( ④ ) Screens also invite distraction, since a single notification can pull a reader away from the story in seconds. ( ⑤ ) Interestingly, several recent surveys suggest that most young readers do not choose one format forever. Instead, they switch between paper and digital depending on the situation, treating the debate less as a contest and more as a matter of convenience.

주어진 문장: Clubs that have received funding in the past must also include a short report on how last semester's budget was spent. Attention all club leaders: applications for the club budget are now open. ( ① ) If your club wants support for materials, events, or competitions, please follow the steps below. ( ② ) First, download the budget request form from the school website and fill in your club's name, purpose, and requested amount. Second, attach a short plan explaining how the money will be used, since forms without a clear plan will not be reviewed. ( ③ ) Third, submit the completed form to the teacher in charge of student activities by August 14th. Applications received after the deadline will not be accepted. ( ④ ) Once submitted, each request will be reviewed by the budget committee, which meets every Friday. Approved clubs will receive their funds within two weeks, and results will be posted on the club bulletin board. ( ⑤ ) Please contact Mr. Han in the activities office if you have any questions.

The same mechanism that helps citizens save more for retirement, in other words, can just as easily be turned against their financial interests. Default settings are not inherently virtuous; their ethical value depends entirely on whose interests they serve. ( ① ) A retirement plan that automatically enrolls employees at a reasonable contribution rate generally benefits those employees by overcoming their tendency toward inertia. ( ② ) A subscription service that automatically renews at a higher price unless the customer actively cancels, however, exploits that very same inertia for the company's benefit rather than the customer's. ( ③ ) Both arrangements rely on the identical psychological tendency to accept whatever has been preselected. ( ④ ) Distinguishing between beneficial and exploitative uses of default settings therefore requires examining not the mechanism itself but the intentions and incentives of whoever designed it. ( ⑤ ) Regulators increasingly demand transparency about default settings precisely because the mechanism alone cannot reveal whether it serves the consumer or merely the company offering it.

주어진 문장: In contrast, downward comparison, which involves comparing oneself with someone worse off, can temporarily boost self-esteem instead. Psychologist Leon Festinger introduced social comparison theory, which explains that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves with others. ( ① ) According to this theory, individuals engage in upward comparison when they measure themselves against someone who appears more successful, attractive, or accomplished. ( ② ) Social media platforms, filled with carefully edited photos and exaggerated achievements, provide endless opportunities for this kind of comparison. ( ③ ) For instance, a teenager browsing vacation pictures posted by classmates may begin to feel that her own ordinary life is somehow inadequate. ( ④ ) Unlike comparing oneself with someone in a similar position, which can sometimes boost confidence, upward comparison frequently triggers envy, dissatisfaction, and lower self-esteem. ( ⑤ ) Researchers have found that frequent upward comparison online is linked to higher depression and anxiety. Consequently, this theory helps explain why scrolling through social media often leaves users feeling worse rather than better about themselves.

As a result, your body struggles to adapt, and this can weaken your immune system over time. Air conditioners make summer days more comfortable, but a larger gap between indoor and outdoor temperatures forces your body to face sudden changes again and again. ( ① ) Many people still set the temperature far below the outdoor temperature to cool down quickly, without realizing the risk. ( ② ) However, doctors recommend keeping the difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures within five or six degrees. ( ③ ) This often leads to symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, and a stuffy nose. ( ④ ) To avoid these problems, set a moderate temperature and open a window for a few minutes every hour. ( ⑤ ) Following these tips will help you stay both cool and healthy this summer.