영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Anyone who has ever promised to finish a project "by Friday," only ①to still being working on it weeks later, has experienced the planning fallacy firsthand. This term describes the persistent tendency of individuals and organizations ②to underestimate how long a task will take, how much it will cost, and how many complications will inevitably arise. What makes this bias particularly stubborn is that awareness of past failures rarely leads to more accurate predictions; a construction firm that ③finished its last three projects late will often insist, with genuine confidence, that this next project will be different. Researchers argue that planners focus almost exclusively on the specific steps of the current task while ④ignoring the broader statistical record of similar projects that came before. Until such external correction becomes standard practice, ambitious deadlines will likely continue to be ⑤broken with remarkable consistency.

When people discuss climate change, they often focus only on rising temperatures or melting ice, ①treating it as a purely scientific issue. However, the concept of climate justice reminds us that the causes and consequences of climate change are ②distributed unevenly across the globe. Wealthy, industrialized nations have historically released the largest share of greenhouse gases while building their economies, yet developing nations, ③which contributed comparatively little, frequently suffer the most severe droughts and floods. This gap between responsibility and suffering ④raises a serious ethical question that science alone cannot answer. For example, a farming community in a low-income country may lose its entire harvest to an unusual flood, even though its members have never owned a car or ⑤flying on a plane. Therefore, tackling climate change requires more than new technology; it demands fair policies supporting the very communities least responsible for causing the crisis.

During the hottest weeks of summer, the city operates free cooling centers for anyone ①who needs a break from the heat. These cooling centers, located in community halls and public libraries, ②provided air-conditioned spaces where visitors can rest comfortably. Most cooling centers ③are open from nine in the morning until six in the evening, seven days a week. Visitors can enjoy free drinking water, read newspapers, or ④simply relax in a cool environment. City officials encourage residents ⑤to check the nearest location on the city website before visiting.

Two years ago, I ①began volunteering at an animal shelter near my neighborhood on weekends. My tasks included feeding animals, cleaning cages, and ②help visitors choose a pet to adopt. Over time, I noticed how much I enjoyed calming nervous or injured animals. One rainy afternoon, a frightened puppy ③refused to eat, and I sat quietly beside it for over an hour until it finally relaxed. Watching the puppy trust me changed something inside me, ④which led me to research careers in veterinary medicine. My volunteer work, ⑤which started as a simple hobby, slowly turned into the clearest career direction I had ever found.

Air conditioners make summer days more comfortable, but ①using them incorrectly can harm your health. Doctors recommend keeping the difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures within five or six degrees, ②which helps your body adjust more easily. A larger gap forces your body ③to adjust constantly, which can weaken your immune system. This sudden change often ④lead to symptoms such as headaches and fatigue. It is also helpful ⑤to open a window for a few minutes every hour.

Behavioral economists have long observed that people tend to feel the pain of losing something more ①intensely than the pleasure of gaining an equivalent amount, a tendency known as loss aversion. Consider an investor who refuses to sell a declining stock, clinging to the hope that its price will eventually ②recover, even when all available evidence indicates that selling and reinvesting elsewhere would be more rational. Such behavior, though it appears ③rational from a purely economic standpoint, becomes understandable once we recognize that the investor is trying to avoid the sharp discomfort associated with realizing a loss. Similarly, consumers often demand a much ④higher price to give up an item they already own than they would be willing to pay to acquire the same item in the first place. As a result, loss aversion frequently pushes individuals toward decisions that ⑤minimize potential regret over losses rather than toward outcomes that maximize their overall welfare.

Summer heat can be just as dangerous for pets as it is for people, because ___________. Owners must therefore provide plenty of fresh water, avoid walking pets during the hottest hours, and never leave them alone in a parked car.

Jiho's path into entrepreneurship began almost by accident, far from the corporate career his parents had imagined for him. (A) Despite warnings from relatives who considered the plan too risky, Jiho and his teammates decided to delay job applications and pursue the idea further. (B) A class project he joined during his final year gradually evolved into something more serious, as restaurants began placing regular orders through their prototype. (C) That decision eventually paid off, as the team secured a small investment after nearly failing twice.

Technology has changed the way many jobs are performed today. (A) As a result, workers now need to keep learning new tools throughout their careers. (B) A graphic designer, for instance, must understand digital software that did not exist twenty years ago. (C) Machines and computer programs now handle tasks once done entirely by people.

No further reminders, willpower, or repeated decisions are required once the initial commitment has been made. The design of behavioral savings programs deliberately minimizes the number of decisions a participant must make over time. ( ① ) At the moment of hiring, an employee is asked only once whether to commit future salary increases to retirement savings. ( ② ) If the employee agrees, that single decision governs all future contribution increases automatically. ( ③ ) This stands in sharp contrast to conventional savings advice, which typically asks individuals to make a fresh decision to save more each time their income changes. ( ④ ) Because each additional decision creates another opportunity for procrastination or reconsideration, minimizing the number of required decisions substantially increases the likelihood that saving actually occurs. ( ⑤ ) The program's success, in this sense, stems less from persuading people to value saving more than from reducing the number of moments at which they could choose not to.