영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

문제 1

Melatonin is a hormone ①produced by a small gland deep within the brain, and its release follows a remarkably predictable daily pattern. Levels stay low throughout the bright hours of the day, ②begin rising in the evening as darkness falls, peak in the middle of the night, and then decline again as morning approaches. This rhythm is controlled primarily by light: specialized cells in the eye detect brightness and send signals that either permit or ③suppress melatonin production, which is why exposure to bright screens late at night can delay its release and make falling asleep more difficult. Unlike some hormones that directly cause the body to perform a task, melatonin does not force sleep to occur; instead, it signals to the rest of the body that night has arrived, ④preparing various systems to shift into a lower-energy state. Because of this signaling role, taking melatonin supplements at the wrong time can shift a person's internal clock in the opposite direction from what was ⑤intending.

문제 2

Modern sports wearables, from wrist-worn fitness trackers to smart insoles ①embedding in running shoes, continuously collect data that would once have required a laboratory to measure. Heart rate, sleep quality, running cadence, and even subtle changes in gait can now ②be monitored during ordinary daily activity rather than only in a controlled clinical setting. Coaches use this constant stream of information to ③detect early warning signs of overtraining, sometimes noticing a decline in performance before the athlete consciously feels tired. However, the flood of data has created a new challenge: distinguishing a meaningful pattern from ordinary daily fluctuation ④requires expertise that many amateur athletes simply do not have. For this reason, most experts recommend ⑤treating wearable data as a general trend to observe over time, not as a precise diagnostic tool.

문제 3

For decades, athletes were taught to stretch a muscle and hold the position before any competition, ①believing that this practice alone would prevent injury. Recent research, however, has complicated that assumption considerably. Static stretching, in which a muscle ②is held at its longest length for an extended period, can actually reduce the muscle's ability to generate explosive force immediately afterward. Dynamic stretching, which involves controlled, repeated movement through a joint's full range of motion, ③appears to prepare muscles for activity without this temporary weakening effect. As a result, many coaches now recommend ④to save static stretching for after a workout, when it may help restore muscle length and reduce soreness, while ⑤reserving dynamic movements for the warm-up period before intense effort begins.

문제 4

Speed-reading courses promise a simple result: read several times faster while ①understanding just as much as before. The techniques usually involve moving your eyes quickly down the page, skipping small words, and ②avoid the habit of silently pronouncing each word in your head. Some students do learn ③to move their eyes faster after a short course. However, researchers who study reading have found a serious problem with these claims. Understanding a text is not just about how quickly your eyes move across it; it depends on how deeply your brain ④processes each sentence and connects new ideas to what you already know. When readers rush through a page at extreme speed, their comprehension usually drops sharply, even though they feel confident that they understood everything. In careful studies, speed-reading graduates often score no better on comprehension tests than ordinary readers ⑤who read at a normal pace.

문제 5

When people are ①asked to judge how risky or beneficial a particular technology is, they rarely conduct anything ②resembling a careful cost-benefit analysis. Instead, they consult a quick emotional impression, an instinctive sense of whether the technology feels good or feels bad, and let that impression guide their entire judgment. This mental shortcut, ③known as the affect heuristic, produces a curious pattern that traditional risk theory struggles to explain: activities people like tend to be judged as both safer and more beneficial, while activities they dislike are judged as both riskier and less beneficial, even when no logical relationship between risk and benefit exists. For example, when researchers ④presented a fictional industrial chemical alongside a brief description emphasizing its convenience, participants rated it not only as more useful but also, illogically, as less dangerous. Because emotional impressions form so rapidly and feel so trustworthy, correcting for this heuristic requires deliberate effort; simply presenting more accurate statistics to already anxious or enthusiastic audiences rarely ⑤change their underlying judgment.

문제 6

At first, Minjun thought the campaign sounded ①boring and unnecessary for someone like him. However, his teacher explained that leftover food thrown away every day adds up to a ②huge amount of waste. This comparison ③surprised Minjun because he had never thought about food that way before. Within a few weeks, his tray was almost always ④full, and he felt ⑤proud of the change.

문제 7

Child safety experts now argue that this advice is too ①complex to be useful, since most children will inevitably need to interact with unfamiliar adults, whether asking a store employee for help or greeting a new neighbor. A more effective approach focuses on ②specific situations rather than people in general, teaching children to recognize behavior that feels wrong. Role-playing these scenarios in advance helps children ③respond quickly under pressure, rather than freezing because the situation feels unfamiliar and confusing. Experts also emphasize that children should be taught they will never get in trouble for refusing an adult's request or for ④loudly saying no in public, since hesitation caused by politeness can cost ⑤precious seconds in a genuine emergency.

문제 8

VO2 max, defined as the maximum volume of oxygen a person's body can consume and use during intense exercise, is widely regarded as one of the best single indicators of cardiorespiratory fitness. (A) Elite endurance athletes typically post VO2 max values far higher than those of untrained individuals, reflecting hearts that pump larger volumes of blood and muscles that extract oxygen with remarkable efficiency. (B) While genetics accounts for a substantial portion of an individual's potential VO2 max, consistent aerobic training can still raise the measurement considerably over months of dedicated effort. (C) It is worth noting, however, that a high VO2 max does not guarantee success in competition, since other factors such as pacing strategy and mental resilience also play a decisive role.

문제 9

If the theory is applied consistently to the entire sealed box, the cat itself would have to be considered simultaneously alive and dead. Physicist Erwin Schrödinger devised a now-famous thought experiment not to describe an actual laboratory procedure, but to expose an absurdity hidden within a leading interpretation of quantum mechanics. ( ① ) Imagine a cat sealed inside a closed box together with a radioactive atom, a Geiger counter, and a vial of poison gas rigged to break open the instant the atom decays. ( ② ) Because the atom's decay is governed by genuine quantum randomness, standard quantum theory describes the atom, before anyone looks, as existing in a superposition of having decayed and not having decayed at the same time. ( ③ ) Until an observer opens the lid and looks inside, no measurement has yet forced the system into one definite outcome or the other. ( ④ ) Schrödinger intended this image to sound obviously ridiculous. ( ⑤ ) He used the cat's absurd fate to question whether observation truly determines physical reality, or whether the mathematics is simply being pushed too far.

문제 10

As a result, many reluctant readers finish an entire graphic novel and then move on to longer books with new confidence. For many years, comic books and graphic novels were seen as a lazy alternative to real reading. ( ① ) Parents and teachers often worried that pictures did the work that words should do, leaving young readers with weaker vocabulary and imagination. ( ② ) Recent research, however, tells a more complicated story. Graphic novels actually require readers to combine written text with visual clues, inferring emotion from a character's expression or understanding time gaps between panels. ( ③ ) This combination can build a different but equally valuable set of reading skills. ( ④ ) Teachers who once banned comics from their classrooms are now using them to reach students who struggled with traditional novels. ( ⑤ ) Rather than replacing traditional reading, graphic novels appear to work best as a bridge that leads students toward it.