영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

A small bakery once sold a basic loaf of bread for three dollars and a premium loaf for six dollars, and most customers, ①uncertain about the added value of the pricier option, simply bought the cheaper one. The owner then introduced a third option: a slightly larger premium loaf priced at seven dollars, one that ②were clearly inferior to the six-dollar loaf in terms of value for money. Almost nobody chose the new seven-dollar loaf, yet sales of the six-dollar loaf rose sharply, because it now ③appeared to be an obvious bargain when placed beside the inferior newcomer. This pattern, ④confirmed across countless pricing experiments in other markets, demonstrates that people rarely judge options in isolation; instead, they evaluate choices relative to whatever alternatives happen to be nearby. Businesses have since learned ⑤to design such decoys deliberately, not expecting them to be purchased at all, but hoping they will make a specific target option look far more attractive by comparison.

As solar and wind power expand rapidly across national grids, engineers face a challenge that ①receive far less public attention than the construction of the generating facilities themselves. Unlike conventional power plants, which can adjust their output to match demand at almost any moment, solar panels and wind turbines generate electricity only when sunlight or wind is available, ②producing supply that fluctuates constantly. One proposed solution involves large-scale battery storage systems, ③which absorb surplus electricity generated during periods of high output and release it later when generation declines. Grid operators must therefore invest in infrastructure capable of ④accommodating this variability, rather than assuming renewable sources can simply replace fossil fuels without adjustment. Without such investment, integrating renewable energy could paradoxically undermine the very reliability that modern electricity grids are ⑤expected to provide.

People often recognize, in ①calm reflection, that their future selves will be tempted to abandon a goal they currently value. Rather than relying solely on willpower at the critical moment, they may choose to restrict their own future options in advance, a strategy known as precommitment. By making certain choices ②affordable, inconvenient, or impossible to reverse, individuals can protect a long-term goal from a short-term impulse that has not yet arisen. A person hoping to save money might lock funds into an account that ③penalizes early withdrawal, removing the very temptation that would otherwise be difficult to resist. Similarly, someone determined to finish a project might ④publicly announce a deadline, transforming private intentions into a commitment that carries social consequences if broken. What unites these examples is a simple insight: because future desires cannot always be ⑤trusted, the wisest moment to act may be now.

Facing a shortage of caregivers and a rapidly aging population, several countries have begun deploying robots designed to remind elderly residents to take medication, monitor for falls, and even offer simple conversation throughout the day. Early trials show that many residents report ①reduced loneliness, particularly when a robot's presence allows an overworked human staff member to spend a few extra minutes with each patient rather than rushing between rooms. Critics, however, worry that this framing quietly ②shifts the goal of care: instead of asking how technology can support human connection, institutions may come to treat a robot's companionship as an ③unacceptable substitute for it. Advocates for the elderly argue that robots should be evaluated strictly as tools that free up human time for human contact, ④never as a lower-cost replacement for the contact itself, since human presence remains ⑤irreplaceable.

Across many countries, high schools begin classes early in the morning, often before eight o'clock. This schedule assumes that teenagers can simply go to bed earlier to compensate, but biology tells a different story. During adolescence, the body's internal clock shifts later, delaying the release of melatonin until well after ten at night. As a result, most teenagers are not physiologically ready to fall asleep until much later than younger children or adults. When early start times force them to wake before their bodies have completed a full sleep cycle, the mismatch accumulates into a chronic sleep debt that affects concentration and mood throughout the school day. Researchers who study this mismatch argue that _______________. Some school districts that delayed their start times by thirty minutes reported improvements in attendance, suggesting that the timing of the school day matters more than commonly assumed.

Scientists have long searched for a way to describe, in a single coherent framework, the outer limits within which human activity can safely continue without destabilizing the planet's fundamental systems. The concept of planetary boundaries, introduced by earth-system researchers, identifies nine interconnected processes, including climate change, biodiversity loss, and nitrogen pollution, each possessing a threshold beyond which abrupt and irreversible change becomes likely. Unlike conventional environmental limits, often defined locally, these boundaries are framed at a planetary scale, reflecting the idea that the Earth functions as a single interdependent system rather than a collection of isolated regions. Crossing one boundary, proponents argue, _______________, since climate, oceans, and land are bound together by feedback loops that transmit disturbance across the system. Some philosophers have likened this framework to a ship's safe operating margin, within which passengers may move freely without risking the vessel's stability. Critics, however, contend that the boundaries are drawn with more confidence than the data can support.

When I finally got the chance to interview a professional webtoon artist for our school newspaper, I expected her to describe drawing as the hardest part of her job. (A) She sketches rough thumbnails for an entire chapter before touching a single detailed panel, testing whether the pacing keeps readers scrolling instead of losing interest halfway through. (B) Instead, she told me that writing the story comes first, often taking longer than the artwork itself. (C) She also reads every comment section carefully, not to copy what fans suggest, but to understand which moments made readers feel something real, and a single weekly episode usually takes her nearly forty hours to complete.

In fact, choosing the right books for the right students takes far more thought than most people realize. Many students imagine a librarian simply sitting behind a desk and stamping books. ( ① ) Ms. Han, who has worked at a school library for over ten years, says that image is far from accurate. ( ② ) A large part of her job involves choosing which new books to buy, based on both student requests and current trends in youth literature. ( ③ ) She also spends hours training students to search databases and judge whether an online source is trustworthy, a skill she considers just as important as reading itself. ( ④ ) According to Ms. Han, the most rewarding moment is not organizing shelves but watching a student who once avoided reading finally ask for a second book in the same series. ( ⑤ ) She admits that budgets are often tight and that new technology keeps changing how libraries operate. Still, she insists that the core purpose of her job has never changed: connecting each reader with the right book at the right time.

This new emphasis on space, however, has not pleased everyone who cares deeply about libraries. For most of the twentieth century, a library was simply a quiet room full of books, and visitors were expected to stay silent while they searched the shelves. ( ① ) Today, many public libraries look completely different. ( ② ) Alongside the usual shelves, you might find group study rooms, comfortable sofas for reading, computer labs, and even small recording studios for podcasts. ( ③ ) Librarians say this change did not happen by accident. As more information moved online, fewer people needed a library simply to find facts, so librarians began asking what their communities actually needed instead. ( ④ ) The answer, in many neighborhoods, turned out to be space itself: a warm, free place where students could study together, job seekers could print a resume, and children could attend a story hour. ( ⑤ ) Some critics worry that libraries are drifting away from their original mission of preserving books. Librarians respond that reading and gathering have always belonged together, and that a library survives only by changing with its readers.

Similar changes are taking place in other fields as well. As technology develops rapidly, many new jobs are appearing that did not exist a decade ago. ( ① ) Data analysts, for example, help companies make decisions based on huge amounts of information. ( ② ) Renewable energy technicians install and repair solar panels and wind turbines, meeting the growing demand for clean power. ( ③ ) These emerging jobs share one common feature: they combine technical skill with the ability to solve real-world problems. ( ④ ) Experts predict that future workers will need to keep learning new skills throughout their careers, since technology continues to change so quickly. ( ⑤ ) For students planning their future, staying curious and adaptable may matter more than a single fixed career path.