영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Every light ①left on in an empty room wastes electricity that could have powered something useful elsewhere. For example, a single classroom light left on overnight can waste enough energy ②to charge dozens of phones. This habit is similar to ③leave a faucet running while you brush your teeth, where water flows out for no reason. However, when an entire school ④forms this habit together, the total amount of ⑤saved energy becomes significant.

Imagine a cafeteria where a healthy salad ①sits at eye level while fried snacks rest on a low shelf. Nobody is ②forbidden from choosing the snacks, yet most people quietly pick the salad instead. This simple technique illustrates a nudge, a concept from behavioral economics that gently ③guides people toward better choices without restricting their freedom. Companies and governments increasingly apply nudges to encourage sustainable consumption. For example, some hotels print reminders on towels stating that most guests reuse them, which ④persuade new guests to do the same and save water. Similarly, energy bills that compare a household's usage with that of efficient neighbors often lead people to reduce electricity use. Unlike strict regulations or heavy taxes, nudges ⑤rely on subtle changes in design rather than force. Critics argue nudges alone cannot solve large environmental problems, but combined with stronger policies, they can meaningfully shift everyday habits toward sustainability.

Are you curious about capturing special moments around our school? The Photography Club is now ①looking for new members for this semester. We meet every Wednesday afternoon in Room 204, right after regular classes ②end. No experience is required, since senior members always teach the basics of ③using a camera. Each month, we choose a simple theme and take pictures together around the campus. At the end of the semester, we hold a small exhibition ④sharing our favorite photos. Members are also expected ⑤to bring their own camera or smartphone to every meeting. If you enjoy taking pictures or want to try something new, please visit our booth this Friday. Feel free to ask any current member if you have questions about joining.

Have you ever wondered why some people stay motivated while others give up quickly? The answer often lies in ___________. When people have no specific goal, they usually feel confused about where to start, and their interest fades within days. For example, a student who simply decides to study harder this year often loses direction because the plan is too vague. In contrast, a student who sets a clear goal, such as raising an English score by ten points, knows exactly what to do every day. This clarity creates strong motivation because the brain naturally focuses on a clear target. Setting a specific goal is one of the most effective ways to build lasting motivation.

The sunk cost fallacy also complicates decisions in personal relationships and long-term commitments. (A) A person who has invested years in a career path that no longer brings satisfaction may nonetheless continue along that path, reluctant to treat those years as time that cannot be reclaimed regardless of future choices. (B) This reluctance often stems less from genuine hope for improvement than from an unwillingness to admit that the time and effort already invested failed to produce the desired outcome. (C) Recognizing this pattern requires distinguishing between a decision genuinely worth continuing and one being sustained merely to justify past commitment, a distinction that is often uncomfortable to draw honestly.

Structural functionalism approaches society as a complex system of interdependent parts, each contributing to the overall stability and smooth operation of the whole, much as organs contribute to the survival of a biological body. (A) Robert Merton refined this framework by distinguishing manifest functions, the intended and openly recognized consequences of a social practice, from latent functions, unintended consequences that nonetheless help sustain the system. (C) Sociologist Talcott Parsons argued that institutions such as the family, education, religion, and government each perform necessary functions, so that removing or weakening any one institution threatens the equilibrium of the entire system. (B) Critics have long charged that functionalism, by emphasizing stability and equilibrium, struggles to explain social conflict and rapid change.

Breaking a big goal into smaller pieces can make it much easier to achieve. (A) Over time, these small successes add up, just like bricks gradually forming a strong wall. (B) For example, instead of aiming to master English in a year, try learning just twenty new words in a week. (C) Completing each small step gives you a sense of success, which motivates you to keep moving forward.

Minji's New Year running plan did not go as smoothly as she had hoped. (A) They discovered that running before sunrise in freezing weather had simply been too hard to keep up. (B) After only a few cold mornings, she began oversleeping and eventually gave up on running altogether. (C) So she decided to run after school instead, and this small change helped her stick to her plan and grow stronger.

The gap between popular belief and scientific evidence about habit formation has surprised many researchers. (A) This finding suggests that people who quit a new habit after only three weeks may simply be giving up too early, not failing at the habit itself. (B) Their results showed that habits took an average of sixty-six days to become automatic, far longer than the widely repeated twenty-one-day figure. (C) To test how long habit formation truly takes, scientists asked volunteers to track a new daily behavior for several months.

주어진 문장: This short exercise will make your motivation much clearer to yourself. This workbook is designed to help you set meaningful goals for the new year, so please read the instructions carefully before you begin. First, turn to page one and write down one goal you truly want to achieve this year. Next, complete the reason section by explaining why this goal matters to you. ( ① ) On page two, break your goal into four smaller monthly steps, using the space provided for each month. ( ② ) Then, use the weekly checklist on page three to track your progress every Sunday. ( ③ ) If you fall behind schedule, do not simply give up; instead, revise your steps in pencil and keep moving forward. ( ④ ) At the end of each month, write a short reflection about what worked well and what you might change. ( ⑤ ) Completing this workbook will help you stay focused and turn your goal into a real habit.