영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Factories that once employed hundreds of workers on an assembly line now run with a fraction of that staff, as robotic arms handle tasks ① that used to require human hands. Economists have long debated whether this shift destroys jobs or simply ② transforms them. Historical evidence offers some comfort: previous waves of automation eventually created new categories of work that no one ③ had predicted. However, critics point out that earlier transitions unfolded over generations, ④ given workers time to retrain, whereas today's robots are being deployed at a pace that leaves little room for adjustment. For this reason, many economists argue that the real challenge is not the robots themselves, but the speed at which society ⑤ is expected to adapt to them.

Picture books are usually written for young children, but a growing number of adults are ① picking them up for themselves. At first glance, a picture book seems too simple for someone who has already ② learned to read long novels. However, many picture books deal with serious themes, such as loss, fear, and change, using only a few carefully ③ choosing words. Because the text is short, every sentence carries extra weight, and readers naturally ④ slow down to notice small details in the pictures. This slower pace can feel calming for adults who are used to rushing through long articles and constant notifications. A picture book can also be finished in a single sitting, which makes it easy to return to the same story again and again. For these reasons, therapists and teachers sometimes recommend picture books not only to children but also to stressed adults ⑤ who need a quiet moment.

Rewilding, a conservation strategy that ①seek to restore natural processes with minimal human interference, has gained attention as traditional conservation struggles to halt biodiversity loss. Rather than managing landscapes according to a fixed blueprint, rewilding projects often ②reintroduce key species, such as large predators, whose presence can trigger cascading effects. Advocates point to the reintroduction of wolves in certain parks, where predation ③altered grazing behavior, allowing riverside vegetation to recover and stabilizing soil that had long been eroding. Skeptics, however, warn that rewilding can ④provoke serious conflict with nearby communities, particularly when predators prey on livestock or restored habitats limit land for agriculture. Compensation programs ⑤reimbursing farmers for livestock losses, alongside ecotourism initiatives creating local income, have proven essential to sustaining public support.

Desalination, the process of removing dissolved salts from seawater to produce fresh water, has increasingly been adopted by coastal regions facing chronic water scarcity. Most modern facilities rely on reverse osmosis, a technique in which seawater is forced through membranes whose microscopic pores block salt while letting water molecules pass. Because this method consumes far less energy than the thermal distillation once dominant in the industry, it has become the preferred choice for large-scale plants. Nevertheless, _______________. For instance, the process generates a concentrated byproduct called brine, which, when discharged without adequate dilution, can raise local salinity to levels that harm marine life. Pumping seawater through membranes at high pressure also demands substantial electricity, so plants powered by fossil fuels can worsen the emissions that intensify drought. Therefore, engineers increasingly argue that desalination should be treated not as a stand-alone remedy but as one component of a broader conservation strategy.

A food allergy can turn an ordinary snack shared between classmates into a medical emergency within minutes, which is why schools now take ingredient labels more seriously than they once did. (A) Friends of allergic students sometimes assume that a small bite would not cause serious harm, not realizing that the amount needed to trigger anaphylaxis can be smaller than a crumb. (B) Recognizing the early signs, such as swelling around the lips, hives, or sudden difficulty breathing, allows classmates and teachers to act before the reaction becomes severe. (C) For someone with a severe allergy, even a trace amount of the wrong ingredient, transferred by a shared spoon or an unwashed hand, can trigger a reaction that closes the airway and becomes life-threatening if untreated.

On the first day of our improv theater workshop, the instructor gave us a rule that seemed impossible to follow: never say no to whatever another performer suggests. (A) If a scene partner claimed the empty classroom was actually a submarine, our job was to accept that fact instantly and build on it, rather than correcting or rejecting the idea. (B) I found this terrifying at first, since improv offers no script to hide behind and no time to plan a clever line in advance. (C) Over several weeks, though, I noticed that the students who worried most about saying something wrong were usually the ones who froze on stage, while those who simply accepted whatever happened created the funniest scenes.

Seatbelts are so woven into the experience of riding in a car that many passengers buckle them without thinking, yet a surprising number of teenagers still skip them for short trips, assuming that a five-minute drive to a friend's house does not carry much risk. (A) In a collision, a body traveling at a moderate speed continues moving forward at that same speed until something stops it, and without a seatbelt, that something is often the windshield or the dashboard. (B) Traffic safety data tell a different story: most fatal crashes occur within a few kilometers of home, on roads drivers know so well that they let their guard down. (C) A seatbelt spreads the force of a sudden stop across the stronger parts of the body, such as the hips and chest, instead of concentrating it on the head and neck.

Every semester, students groan when the fire alarm rings for another routine drill, filing out of the building as if the exercise were simply a break from class. (A) During an actual fire, thick smoke can fill hallways within minutes, cutting visibility to almost nothing and making it dangerously easy to panic or take a wrong turn. (B) This casual attitude, however, overlooks why the drill exists in the first place. (C) Repeating the same evacuation route again and again trains the body to move automatically, even when the mind is too frightened to think clearly.

The player may choose to take only Box B, or to take both boxes, and the prediction has already been made and cannot change at this point. Suppose a mysterious being with a near-perfect track record of predicting human choices presents a player with two boxes. ( ① ) Box A always contains a visible thousand dollars, while Box B contains either a million dollars or nothing at all, depending on a prediction the being made before the game even began. ( ② ) If the being predicted the player would take only Box B, it placed a million dollars inside; if it predicted the player would take both boxes, it left Box B empty. ( ③ ) One line of reasoning says taking both boxes is strictly better, since whatever is already inside the boxes cannot be altered by the player's choice. ( ④ ) A second line of reasoning says taking only Box B is better, since the being's near-perfect accuracy means that choosing both boxes almost guarantees an empty Box B. ( ⑤ ) This apparent conflict between two seemingly sound arguments has made the puzzle a lasting challenge for decision theory.

주어진 문장: Yet whether this incentive actually translates into real-world design changes remains a matter of considerable dispute. Extended producer responsibility, a policy requiring manufacturers to bear responsibility for their products even after use, has been adopted by governments seeking to reduce landfill waste. ① Under such schemes, companies must finance the collection and recycling of goods once consumers discard them, rather than leaving municipalities to absorb the cost. ② Advocates maintain that shifting this burden onto producers creates a powerful incentive to design products that are more durable, easily disassembled, and readily recyclable from the outset. ③ Critics counter that the policy, whatever its theoretical merits, often fails to reduce waste meaningfully unless paired with rigorous enforcement and transparent reporting requirements. ④ For instance, some manufacturers merely pass the added cost of compliance on to consumers, without making substantive changes to how products are designed. ⑤ In contrast, jurisdictions that combine producer responsibility with strict eco-design standards and independent audits tend to witness genuine improvements in recyclability. Therefore, policymakers hoping to harness this approach must resist treating it as self-executing and instead invest in oversight that determines whether producers actually change behavior. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤