영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Fast fashion refers to cheap, trendy clothing ①**produced** quickly and replaced almost as fast as it is bought. Because these garments are ②**designed** to be worn only a few times, huge amounts of fabric end up in landfills every year, and the dyeing process pollutes rivers near factories. In contrast, a growing number of brands are turning toward the circular economy, an economic model in which materials are ③**reused**, repaired, or recycled instead of being thrown away after a single use. For example, some companies collect old clothes, break down the fibers, and weave them into new fabric, while others let customers ④**to rent** outfits for special occasions rather than buying garments they will barely wear. These approaches keep resources ⑤**circulating** within the system longer, reducing demand for raw materials. Therefore, shifting from a throwaway habit toward a circular one may be essential for making the fashion industry sustainable.

Many students who reach their goals share one habit: they ①picturing the goal clearly before they even start working. This process, called visualization, means imagining a goal in detail, often by ②drawing pictures or writing specific descriptions. For example, a student ③who dreams of studying abroad might make a board filled with photos of a foreign campus. Seeing these images every day keeps the goal fresh in mind and ④reminds the student why the effort matters. Visualization also helps people notice small opportunities that they might otherwise miss, since the brain naturally pays attention to things ⑤connected to personal goals.

For most of last year, Junho refreshed his social media feed constantly, ①terrified of missing a party, a trending meme, or gossip among his friends. This restless anxiety, often called FOMO, or the fear of missing out, left him ②relaxed and strangely unsatisfied even after hours of scrolling. One weekend, his phone battery died during a hiking trip, and, to his surprise, he actually ③enjoyed the quiet afternoon without notifications interrupting his thoughts. Curious about this ④unexpected calm, Junho began deleting social apps for a few hours each day. This shift in attitude reflects what psychologists now call JOMO, a mindset that treats disconnection as ⑤freedom rather than loss.

Internet activist Eli Pariser introduced the term filter bubble to describe a phenomenon created by online algorithms. Social media platforms and search engines ①constantly track which links users click and how long they linger on certain posts. Based on this data, algorithms ②predict what each individual is most likely to enjoy and quietly prioritize similar content in future results. As a result, two people who type the same search query can receive strikingly different results, each tailored to personal history. This automatic filtering happens ③silently, without users ever deciding to limit what they see. Consequently, many people gradually ④gain access to viewpoints that challenge their existing beliefs, even though they never intended to avoid them. Pariser warned that this invisible curation could weaken democratic debate by narrowing public discussion. Therefore, some experts argue that platforms should reveal how content is filtered, letting users ⑤knowingly escape their own bubbles.

Wearable devices that track sleep have become enormously popular, promising a detailed breakdown of light, deep, and REM sleep each night. These gadgets typically rely on movement sensors and heart rate monitors to estimate sleep stages, since directly measuring brain activity would require equipment found only in a sleep laboratory. This indirect approach, however, introduces significant uncertainty. Independent studies comparing wearable data with polysomnography, the gold-standard method used in clinical sleep labs, have found that _______________. Some trackers overestimate deep sleep, while others underestimate the amount of time spent in REM sleep, and the margin of error can vary widely between brands. Despite these limitations, many users have come to treat the nightly score generated by their device as an objective medical verdict, sometimes experiencing anxiety when the number falls below what they expect, a phenomenon researchers have begun calling orthosomnia.

Scientists have studied exactly how a habit becomes part of daily life over time. (A) In the early stage, the brain still treats the new activity as unusual, so a person must rely heavily on willpower to continue. (B) By the final stage, the behavior no longer requires effort, since it has become a natural and comfortable part of the daily routine. (C) As the weeks pass, the behavior gradually becomes easier because the brain begins to expect it at a certain time each day.

주어진 문장: This same routine has continued every week since the project began in March. The science club at Hanul High School is running a project called "Grow Light." It tests how different colors of light affect plant growth. ( ① ) Each week, members place identical bean sprouts under red, blue, and white light and record their height. ( ② ) At first, many students expected the white light to produce the tallest plants. ( ③ ) However, the results showed that plants under red light grew noticeably faster than the others. ( ④ ) The club's advisor explained this by comparing light to food. Just as people need certain nutrients to grow strong, plants absorb certain colors of light more efficiently than others. ( ⑤ ) To make the data reliable, students repeat each trial three times and calculate the average. They also keep a shared notebook, recording sunlight, watering time, and temperature. Next month, the club plans to present these findings at the school science fair.

주어진 문장: Unlike a rigid vegan diet, this approach does not require anyone to give up their favorite dishes completely. A flexitarian is someone who mainly eats plant-based meals but occasionally includes meat or fish, unlike a strict vegetarian who avoids animal products entirely. ( ① ) This flexible diet has recently gained attention as a practical way to fight climate change, since raising livestock produces a significant portion of global greenhouse gas emissions. ( ② ) Cattle, in particular, release large amounts of methane, a gas far more powerful than carbon dioxide at trapping heat in the atmosphere. ( ③ ) By replacing just a few meat-based meals each week with vegetables, grains, or legumes, individuals can noticeably shrink their carbon footprint without giving up meat completely. ( ④ ) Nutritionists also emphasize that flexitarian eating is easier to maintain than full vegetarianism, because it allows flexibility rather than demanding absolute discipline. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, many environmental groups now promote flexitarianism as a realistic first step, believing that gradual change, rather than sudden restriction, is more likely to spread widely across society.

주어진 문장: The program combines short lectures with hands-on planning activities. The Hopeful Start Workshop will be held on January 10th at the Green Hill Community Center. ( ① ) This event is designed to help students set clear and realistic goals for the new year. ( ② ) The workshop will run from two to four in the afternoon in the second-floor meeting room. ( ③ ) Participants will learn simple methods for writing goals that are specific and easy to measure. ( ④ ) The workshop is open to all middle and high school students, and no experience is required. ( ⑤ ) Registration is free, but seats are limited to thirty people, so early sign-up is recommended.

주어진 문장: Determined not to give up completely, she decided to find out what had gone wrong. Last January, Minji decided that she would run three kilometers every morning before school. ( ① ) For the first week, she woke up early and ran happily, feeling proud of her new habit. ( ② ) However, after a few cold mornings, she began oversleeping, and soon she stopped running altogether. ( ③ ) By February, she felt disappointed and believed she simply lacked willpower. ( ④ ) One evening, her older brother asked her why the plan had failed, and together they looked closely at her daily schedule. ( ⑤ ) They realized that running before sunrise in freezing weather had been too difficult to maintain, so she changed her plan and decided to run after school instead, when the weather was warmer and she had more energy.