영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Sociologist Mark Granovetter introduced an idea that seems contradictory at first glance, known as the strength of weak ties. According to this theory, people who see each other only occasionally, called weak ties, often ①provide more valuable information than close friends or family members, who are considered strong ties. This happens because strong ties tend to share the same social circles and, therefore, already possess similar knowledge. Weak ties, in contrast, move within different networks, which ②allows them to introduce ideas or opportunities that would otherwise remain unknown. For example, a former classmate rarely contacted might mention a job opening unavailable through one's immediate circle. Social media platforms have made maintaining such connections remarkably easier, letting users ③keeping hundreds of loose acquaintances active without frequent face-to-face meetings. Consequently, these platforms function as efficient channels through which weak ties continue ④delivering fresh opportunities that close relationships simply cannot ⑤offer.

This year's Club Festival ①will hold in the school gym and nearby classrooms next Friday. Visitors should first pick up a program map at the entrance ②to find each club's booth. Art and photography clubs will show their work in Classroom 201. Dance and music clubs will perform on the gym stage. Performances start every thirty minutes, so guests should arrive five minutes early. Because seating is limited, latecomers may need ③to stand at the back. Visitors may take photos, but please turn off the camera flash during performances. Food will be sold outside the gym, but drinks cannot be brought into the exhibition rooms. If you have questions, staff members ④wearing yellow vests will be glad to help. We hope everyone enjoys discovering what our clubs ⑤have worked on this semester.

Sociologists use the term homophily to describe the tendency of people to form connections with others who share ①different backgrounds, opinions, or interests. This principle explains why classmates from the same major often become close friends, while coworkers with shared hobbies naturally gravitate toward one another. Because similarity reduces the effort required to understand another person's perspective, relationships built on shared traits tend to feel ②comfortable and require less negotiation. However, this same comfort can ③narrow the range of viewpoints someone encounters, since surrounding oneself with similar people limits exposure to different ideas. Social media platforms intensify this pattern through recommendation algorithms that suggest new friends based on shared interests or similar browsing history. As a result, users often find their online circles becoming increasingly ④homogeneous, filled with people who think and behave much like themselves. Recognizing this tendency allows individuals to make ⑤deliberate efforts to broaden their social networks.

Internet activist Eli Pariser introduced the term filter bubble to describe a phenomenon created by online algorithms. Social media platforms and search engines ①constantly track which links users click and how long they linger on certain posts. Based on this data, algorithms ②predict what each individual is most likely to enjoy and quietly prioritize similar content in future results. As a result, two people who type the same search query can receive strikingly different results, each tailored to personal history. This automatic filtering happens ③silently, without users ever deciding to limit what they see. Consequently, many people gradually ④gain access to viewpoints that challenge their existing beliefs, even though they never intended to avoid them. Pariser warned that this invisible curation could weaken democratic debate by narrowing public discussion. Therefore, some experts argue that platforms should reveal how content is filtered, letting users ⑤knowingly escape their own bubbles.

Choosing the right club can shape how a student feels about school life. Many first-graders join a club simply because their friends are joining it. However, experts suggest that _______________. A club that matches your interest keeps you motivated during a busy exam period. It also helps to think about how much time each club actually requires. Some clubs meet only once a week, while others practice almost every day. Skill level matters too, since a few clubs accept only experienced students. For this reason, most schools allow a short trial period before a final decision. During this period, new members can attend meetings without officially signing up. In the end, a good club should feel like a comfortable break from academic pressure.

Every day, we leave behind marks of the gases that warm our planet, much like footprints left in wet sand. These marks, often called our carbon footprint, _______________. Many students think that only large factories create these marks, but ordinary habits at home also matter greatly. For example, turning off lights when leaving a room reduces the energy that power plants must produce. Walking or biking to school instead of riding in a car also lowers the amount of gas released into the air. In contrast, leaving devices plugged in all night quietly increases our footprint without our notice. Therefore, students who practice these simple habits regularly can shrink their footprint significantly. Small daily choices, repeated over time, become powerful tools for protecting the environment we all share.

Psychologist Roy Baumeister proposed a concept called ego depletion theory, which suggests that ___________. According to this theory, every act of self-control, from resisting a snack to concentrating on difficult homework, draws from the same limited mental resource. As this resource becomes depleted throughout the day, later decisions require more effort and are more likely to fail. For instance, someone who exercises discipline avoiding distractions all morning may struggle to resist checking a phone by evening. Likewise, dieters report that self-control weakens sharply at night, after hours of resisting food. Some researchers argue that short breaks, adequate sleep, and blood sugar levels can help restore this depleted resource. Although later studies have questioned how strong this effect is, the theory still offers a useful framework for understanding why willpower seems to fade throughout a long day.

Whenever a user marks a message as spam or rescues a message mistakenly filtered out, that action becomes new training data, sharpening the filter's future decisions. Every day, email providers quietly block billions of unwanted messages before they ever reach a user's inbox, a task that would be impossible without an AI filtering system running constantly in the background. ( ① ) The filter examines each incoming message for suspicious patterns, including certain keywords, unusual sender addresses, and formatting tricks that scammers commonly rely on to slip past detection. ( ② ) What makes the system effective is that it keeps learning after launch. ( ③ ) This creates a constant back-and-forth, since spammers study which messages get blocked and then adjust their wording to slip through again. ( ④ ) As a result, spam filtering is less like a fixed wall and more like an ongoing contest, with each side continuously adapting to outsmart the other. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: Better rested individuals, in turn, tend to have more patience and energy for the people around them. A growing number of people are practicing what is now called digital detox, the deliberate decision to stop using smartphones for a set period. ( ① ) Rather than checking notifications every few minutes, participants unplug for a weekend, a week, or sometimes even longer. ( ② ) Numerous studies suggest that this temporary withdrawal produces real benefits for both the mind and the body. ( ③ ) First, attention spans fragmented by constant notifications gradually recover, allowing people to concentrate on single tasks for longer stretches. ( ④ ) Second, avoiding screens before bedtime improves sleep quality, since blue light emitted by devices is known to disrupt natural sleep cycles. ( ⑤ ) Third, people freed from their phones often rediscover the pleasure of face-to-face conversations that had been replaced by texting. Critics argue that complete disconnection is impractical in a hyperconnected society, yet even brief, regular breaks appear to restore balance. Therefore, scheduling periodic digital detox sessions deserves serious consideration.

주어진 문장: In other words, working longer hours does not necessarily lead to better results if that time is spent in a low-energy state. For decades, productivity advice has focused almost entirely on managing time efficiently, yet many experts now argue this approach overlooks something important. ( ① ) This alternative approach, known as energy management, suggests that controlling personal energy matters more than controlling the clock. ( ② ) Unlike time, which flows at a constant rate, human energy naturally rises and falls in cycles shaped by sleep, food, and mental fatigue. ( ③ ) A person who tackles difficult tasks during a low-energy period, for instance, may need two hours to finish what takes thirty minutes at peak energy. ( ④ ) Similarly, someone who forces themselves to keep working without rest often produces careless mistakes that require additional time to correct later. ( ⑤ ) Advocates of energy management recommend identifying one's peak hours and reserving them for demanding work, while saving low-energy periods for routine tasks.