순서배열 문제 연습

문제 1

Ambitious young athletes and the parents who support them sometimes assume that more training automatically produces better results, a belief that occasionally leads to a condition known as overtraining syndrome. (A) Warning signs are often subtle at first, including disrupted sleep, irritability, and a loss of enthusiasm for a sport the athlete once genuinely enjoyed, which adults often mistake for ordinary moodiness. (B) Unlike ordinary fatigue that resolves after a few days of rest, overtraining syndrome develops gradually over weeks or months of insufficient recovery, eventually producing persistent exhaustion and declining performance despite continued hard work. (C) Adolescents may be especially vulnerable to this condition, since their bodies are simultaneously coping with the physical demands of growth and the added stress of intensive training schedules.

문제 2

Scientists have identified certain gene variants that appear more frequently among elite endurance athletes than among the general population, along with a separate set that seems to favor explosive, power-based sports such as sprinting. (A) However, researchers caution strongly against interpreting these findings as evidence that athletic greatness is simply inherited. (B) One frequently studied variant, for instance, influences the proportion of slow-twitch versus fast-twitch muscle fibers a person naturally develops, a ratio that shapes whether a body leans toward endurance or explosive power. (C) Genetics may set a rough ceiling on an individual's ultimate potential, but where any particular athlete lands within that range depends overwhelmingly on training quality, nutrition, coaching, and sheer determination.

문제 3

Team sports place athletes in a uniquely social form of competition, one where individual skill alone rarely determines the outcome of a match. (A) Sports psychologists have long studied why some groups of talented individual players fail to perform as a cohesive unit while other, less individually skilled teams consistently exceed expectations. (B) Trust among teammates appears to be a decisive factor, since players who believe their teammates will reliably fulfill their roles are more willing to take the calculated risks that winning often requires. (C) Clear and consistent communication during high-pressure moments further reduces the hesitation and confusion that can unravel a team's coordination in front of a crowd.

문제 4

Coaches have traditionally focused athlete preparation on training volume and nutrition, but a growing body of research suggests that sleep deserves equal attention. (A) In response, many professional teams now employ sleep specialists who design travel schedules, control bedroom lighting and temperature, and even adjust competition start times when possible. (B) Frequent travel across time zones compounds this challenge considerably, since jet lag can disrupt an athlete's natural sleep-wake cycle for several days after a long flight. (C) During deep sleep, the body releases growth hormone, essential for repairing muscle tissue, while the brain consolidates motor skills practiced earlier that day into more stable, efficient patterns.

문제 5

After an especially demanding training session, the instinct to collapse onto a couch and remain motionless is understandable, yet exercise physiologists increasingly recommend the opposite approach. (A) This gentle activity keeps blood circulating through tired muscles, which appears to help clear metabolic byproducts more efficiently than complete stillness does. (B) Some athletes worry that any movement at all will interfere with the repair process, but research suggests that truly light activity does not meaningfully slow healing. (C) Active recovery involves performing low-intensity movement, such as a light jog, an easy swim, or a gentle bike ride, on days following intense exertion rather than resting completely.

문제 6

Anyone who has ridden a bicycle after a decade away from one has likely experienced muscle memory firsthand: the body seems to recall a complex skill almost instantly, even when conscious memory of the exact movements has faded. (A) Interestingly, research also suggests that these neural pathways can remain partially intact even after long periods without practice, which is why relearning a skill is typically much faster than learning it for the very first time. (B) Contrary to what the name suggests, muscles themselves do not actually store memories; the phenomenon originates in the brain and nervous system, where repeated practice gradually shifts control of a movement from conscious regions to areas that operate largely automatically. (C) This shift explains why a skilled athlete can execute a complicated sequence of movements without consciously thinking through each individual step, freeing mental attention for strategy and decision-making instead.

문제 7

Elite athletes rarely walk up to a free throw line or a golf ball without first performing a highly specific sequence of movements, a habit sports psychologists call a pre-performance routine. (A) Researchers have found that athletes who follow a consistent routine tend to show more stable performance under pressure than those who approach each attempt differently. (B) Far from being mere superstition, this consistent sequence serves a genuine cognitive purpose, narrowing an athlete's focus away from distracting thoughts and toward the specific technical cues needed to execute the skill correctly. (C) For this reason, coaches now actively teach young athletes to develop and rehearse individualized routines rather than treating them as personal quirks.

문제 8

VO2 max, defined as the maximum volume of oxygen a person's body can consume and use during intense exercise, is widely regarded as one of the best single indicators of cardiorespiratory fitness. (A) Elite endurance athletes typically post VO2 max values far higher than those of untrained individuals, reflecting hearts that pump larger volumes of blood and muscles that extract oxygen with remarkable efficiency. (B) While genetics accounts for a substantial portion of an individual's potential VO2 max, consistent aerobic training can still raise the measurement considerably over months of dedicated effort. (C) It is worth noting, however, that a high VO2 max does not guarantee success in competition, since other factors such as pacing strategy and mental resilience also play a decisive role.

문제 9

Exercise does far more than strengthen muscles and the heart; it also produces measurable changes within the brain itself. (A) Interestingly, aerobic activities such as running or swimming appear to produce more pronounced cognitive benefits than purely strength-based training, though the precise biological reasons for this difference remain an active area of investigation. (B) Studies comparing physically active students to sedentary peers have repeatedly found that the active group performs better on tests of attention and problem-solving, even when the exercise session ends well before the test begins. (C) During sustained physical activity, the body releases a protein called brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which supports the growth of new neurons and strengthens connections between existing ones.

문제 10

In the days leading up to an endurance event, many athletes deliberately increase their carbohydrate intake while reducing training volume, a practice known as carbohydrate loading. (A) Because glycogen serves as the primary fuel source during prolonged, intense exercise, entering an event with fuller stores can delay the point of exhaustion that runners often call hitting the wall. (B) Sports nutritionists caution, however, that the timing and composition of meals matter as much as the total quantity of carbohydrate consumed. (C) The strategy is designed to maximize the amount of glycogen, the storage form of carbohydrate, packed into muscle tissue before competition begins.